The Little Rock Integration Crisis Essays - , Term Papers

The Little Rock Integration Crisis The Little Rock Integration Crisis Almost a century after the finish of the common war, our country was as yet not joined together. Be that as it may, not, at this point was strain between the north and south compromising the government assistance of our nation, yet rather the isolation of African-Americans. An essential objective in the common war was nullifying subjugation and despite the fact that that was practiced, many accepted that blacks were not really happier. Be that as it may, a feeling that change was vital had cleared over the United States. The integration development was simply starting and the impacts of the Little Rock Integration Crisis was one of the most punctual venturing stones driving towards an assembled country; this occasion helped set new gauges of coordination, while setting a guide to the remainder of the world that old types of isolation would never again be acknowledged. In the mid 1950s, racial isolation was broadly acknowledged the country over. It was accepted this would make a superior learning environment for white understudies. Albeit all school areas across urban communities and states should be equivalent, offices, instructors, and school conditions were far prevalent in white schools than dark schools. This framework was weakly tested until 1951. In Topeka, Kansas, Oliver Brown endeavored to select his third-grade little girl to an all white school. Olivers little girl needed to walk in excess of a mile to her all dark school, while the white school was just seven squares from their home. Despite the fact that denied enlistment, Brown claimed right to the Supreme Court. In the point of reference setting preliminary of Brown versus the Board of Education, Chief Justice Earl Warren proclaimed that the Supreme Court had decided for Oliver Brown no longer would isolation be allowed. Earthy colored versus the Board of Education was the impetus to the Little Rock Integration Crisis. After the choice, the Little Rock educational committee acknowledged the way that it needed to coordinate highly contrasting youngsters in their schools. Hesitantly, the Little Rock educational committee built up a combination plan, in spite of the fact that it took over three years to make. In any case, by 1957 the combination plan was done. The arrangement called for three stages. The essential stage would happen in the 1957-1958 school year. During this school year, the senior secondary schools, grades 10-12, would be coordinated. The accompanying school year the middle schools would be incorporated. After the two past schools were effectively incorporated, the primary schools would be coordinated. As the 1957-1958 school year became close, the board started to get ready for the senior secondary school combination. It was concluded that the Horace Mann school, otherwise called the all dark school, would be kept flawless. A few understudies from the Horace Mann school would be chosen to go to the nearby white secondary school, called Central High. Of the few dark understudies that elected to go to Central High, a choice procedure chose the seventeen understudies they felt would fit the best. These understudies were chosen for the most part on their uncommon evaluations; in any case, the understudies were additionally occupied with numerous extracurricular exercises. As the new school year drew closer, the seventeen understudies dwindled down to nine, the same number of dreaded they would not have the option to deal with the serious weights of the all white school. The pressure developed in Little Rock and the understudies had to confront a lot of difficulty before the school year even started. Various whites went to court to attempt to put a court requested directive on the combination, however they were totally denied. Numerous individuals from the dark network objected to the coordination also, guaranteeing that the understudies didn't have the right to be among the higher class white understudies and that they would be strange. The Little Rock educational committee did as much as possible to confine the blacks too. Realizing they couldn't forestall coordination, the educational committee basically laid a few limitations a major trend dark understudies, restricting them from extracurricular exercises and sports. The educational committee refered to this was on the grounds that they were students from other schools; notwithstanding, the reality of the situation was very apparent this was not genuinely the explanation. In any case, these nine, bold understudies arranged to go to their first day at Central High on September 3, 1957. On September 2, 1957, the prior night

Definition and Discussion of Feminist Rhetoric

Definition and Discussion of Feminist Rhetoric Women's activist talk is the examination and practice of women's activist talks openly and private life. In content, says Karlyn Kohrs Campbell*, women's activist talk drew its premises from an extreme examination of man centric society, which distinguished the man-made world as one based on the abuse of women...In expansion, it consolidates a style of correspondence known as cognizance raising (Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, 1996). See Examples and Observations beneath. Additionally, the accompanying readings give models and related ideas: Seneca Falls ResolutionsLanguage and Gender StudiesSusan B. Anthony and the battle for womens right to voteRogerian Argument Models and Observations The accompanying models and perceptions think about women's activist talk through various focal points, offering more settings for comprehension. Advancement of Feminist Rhetoric During the 1980s, women's activist talk researchers started making three moves: composing ladies into the historical backdrop of talk, composing women's activist issues into hypotheses of talk, and composing women's activist points of view into explanatory analysis. At first, these researchers drew on women's activist grant from other disciplines...Once propelled, be that as it may, women's activist talk researchers started composing grant from the site of talk and sythesis... Amidst this academic action, crossing points of talk and women's activist examinations have been regulated inside talk and structure considers, because of crafted by the Coalition of Women Scholars in the History of Rhetoric and Composition, which was sorted out by Winifred Horner, Jan Swearingen, Nan Johnson, Marjorie Curry Woods, and Kathleen Welch in 1988-1989 and was carried on by researchers, for example, Andrea Lunsford, Jackie Royster, Cheryl Glenn, and Shirley Logan. In 1996, the primary version of the alliances pamphlet, Peitho, was distributed by [Susan] Jarratt. Source: Krista Ratcliffe, The Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries. The Present State of Scholarship in the History of Rhetoric: A Twenty-First Century Guide, ed. by Lynã ©e Lewis Gaillet with Winifred Bryan Horner. College of Missouri Press, 2010 Rehashing the Sophists We see a greater network based social variant of women's activist morals in Susan Jarratts Rereading the Sophists. Jarratt sees sophistic talk as a women's activist talk and one with critical moral ramifications. The critics accepted that law and truth got from nomoi, neighborhood propensities or customs that could change from city to city, district to locale. The savants in the Platonic custom, obviously, tested this kind of relativism, demanding the perfect of Truth (logos, widespread laws that would be acommunal). Source: James E. Watchman, Rhetorical Ethics and Internetworked Writing. Ablex, 1998 Reviving the Rhetorical Canon The women's activist explanatory standard has been guided by two essential techniques. One is women's activist expository recuperation of recently overlooked or obscure ladies rhetors. The other is estimating of womens talking points, or what some have called gendered examination, which include building up an explanatory idea or approach that represents rhetors who are prohibited from conventional talk. Source: K.J. Rawson, Queering Feminist Rhetorical Canonization. Rhetorica in Motion: Feminist Rhetorical Methods Methodologies, ed. by Eileen E. Schell and K.J. Rawson. College of Pittsburgh Press, 2010 [F]eminist talk oftentimes happens away from the stages and statehouses of government. Women's activist grant in explanatory examinations, as Bonnie Dow reminds us, must direct its concentration toward the assortment of settings where women's activist battle happens. Source: Anne Teresa Demo, The Guerrilla Girls Comic Politics of Subversion. Visual Rhetoric: A Reader in Communication and American Culture, ed. by Lester C. Olson, Cara A. Finnegan, and Diane S. Expectation. Wise, 2008 A Feminist Rhetoric of Motives A women's activist talk of thought processes can recoup the voices and methods of reasoning of ladies in old style artifact by reestablishing to ladylike attributes and voices the respect of a custom (see [Marilyn] Skinner) and by allowing them the human nature of organization (see, e.g., [Judith] Hughes). [James L.] Kinneavy needs to recuperate the positive parts of influence under the heading of the crowds volition, through and through freedom, and consent, and is effective in this undertaking by getting for pisteuein [belief] components gathered from checking forward into Christian pistis. The ladylike parts of convincing that have been slandered as temptation can be likewise saved through an assessment of the nearby ties among feeling, love, grip, and influence in the pre-Socratic dictionary. Source: C. Jan Swearingen, Pistis, Expression, and Belief. A Rhetoric of Doing: Essays on Written Discourse in Honor of James L. Kinneavy, ed. by Stephen P. Witte, Neil Nakadate, and Roger D. Cherry. Southern Illinois University Press, 1992

Processing Trauma with Ovid

Processing Trauma with Ovid Sarah Smeltzer is a writer and educator in Minneapolis. Shes usually either reading, writing, or teaching, but she is also fond of rollerskating, cuddling her dog, and researching medieval womens mysticism. Twitter Handle: @SarahSTeach I was studying Ovid my senior year in college. It was an appallingly cold winter, I was about to graduate, and I was in an abusive relationship, the last of which infected everything in my world. Without going into details, it was a traumatic experience that made me a stranger in my own body, without my own words. I was living on a nightmare planet: objects and people that looked familiar could actually be disguised monsters who wanted to hurt me. I didn’t recognize myself or my world anymore, and I clung to anything that might give me the language to describe what was happening to me. To this end, in my hours of studying, I repurposed Ovid’s Metamorphoses to interpret myself. This exercise was an anchor that held me to the earth and quelled my instinct to crawl out of my body and run away screaming. Make no mistake: Ovid is not kind to women. Metamorphoses is narrative poem depicting myths involving physical transformation, and women, in these myths, are denied control of their own bodies. Gods turn them into animals. Men and gods rape and kill them. They are transformed into plants and objects. They are the subject of so much violence, and I recognized myself in them. I want to focus on one myth in particular. The god Apollo is in love with the nymph Daphne. She is frightened of him and runs away while he chases after her. They run for ages, and she is exhausted, and she prays to the gods to rescue her by changing her body so that Apollo is no longer interested in her. The gods acquiesce and turn her into a tree. Apollo approaches the tree and picks her leaves to create a wreath for himself. I saw myself in Daphne’s desperate search for safety and how she tries one tactic after another to throw Apollo off her path. She realizes that only way to escape her terrifying situation is to get rid of her body entirely. I understood her logic immediately: no body, no problems. I already didn’t feel like a person in my abusive relationship; if I could just get rid of everything that made me a human, too, then all of this would go away. But even then, Apollo steals pieces of Daphne with which to adorn himself, and she can do nothing about it, because she is a tree and cannot run anymore. It isn’t fair. Daphne does everything she can think of to protect herself, and it isn’t enough. When I read this myth, I felt sad for Daphne, and angry, which gave me the capability to feel sad and angry for myself. I was in a place where I did not know how or what to feel. Daphne offered me her hand and gave me some options. I like to imagine Daphne’s story after the myth ends. Maybe she rips herself out of the earth and walks with her dirt-crumbling roots to settle, thousands of miles away, in a lush forest filled with other trees. They protect one another and play tricks on travelers who wander in their woods. Maybe she returns to her human form and enchants a river to prevent anyone who wants to claim her without her consent from crossing to her side. Maybe she fills the river with knives, for good measure. Since I can imagine a life for Daphne after her traumatic experience, maybe I can imagine a life for me after mine. This isn’t an essay about how a book inspired me to make more healthy choices or get out of my relationship, though I did both those things eventually. Connecting with literature isn’t always about feeling inspired or hopeful. Sometimes, it’s about recognition. It’s about the power in forging the language necessary to see your life a little more clearly, in all of your pain and fear and anger, and begin imagining a future.

Physics of Firearms Essay - 620 Words

Shooting is a popular activity and it is enjoyed by many people, so much so that it is also done at a competitive level. Although many people may have shot a firearm of some sort, few of those people actually realize how much physics is involved with the shot. So what exactly is Ballistics? Ballistics is the science or study of the motion of projectiles and in the case of most firearms, these projectiles are the bullets. There are two things that affect the flight of a bullet once it has been shot out of the gun. These things are the drag of air on the bullet and the force of gravity acting upon the bullet. The force of gravity acting upon the bullet is always in a constant direction, which is down, at a rate of 9.81m/s^2.†¦show more content†¦Sectional density, in metric units, is calculated by multiplying the bullet weight in grams by 1.422, then dividing this by the caliber, in millimeters, squared. So what affect does sectional density have on the bullets trajectory? Sectional density is the number that states the bullets ability to retain its velocity. In other words, the higher the sectional density value is, the flatter the trajectory of the bullet will be. After the sectional density, next there is the shape of the bullet that affects its trajectory. The number that is related to the shape of the bullets is called the Ballistic Coefficient (BC). So how does the ballistic coefficient affect the bullets trajectory? The BC is the ability for the bullet to go through the air or its air resistance. The higher the BC, the easier it is for the bullet to travel through the air. If one bullet has a ballistic coefficient of .273, and another bullet has a ballistic coefficient of .623, this difference in the two BC values is due to the shape of the bullet. The rounded-tip of the one bullet has a harder time moving through the air than the other sharply-tipped bullet. So what other physics are involved in shooting a firearm? Energy! When a bullet is fired, it has a huge amount of kinetic energy. This can be calculated using the formula F=MA. That is, the force, F, is calculated with M, which is the mass of the bullet, times its acceleration, A. For every actionShow MoreRelatedThe Physics of Firearms1626 Words   |  7 PagesFirearms are often featured on the news due to poor use as well as featured in popular culture’s television crime dramas, but have you stopped to ponder about where these devices came from, the different types, the trajectory patterns that are created their bullets and how they work? The following paragraphs are designed to address all of the following questions. A firearm is a complex arrangement of various metals that can eject a small lead piece at high speeds, causing maximum destruction onRead More Physics of Firearms Essay1363 Words   |  6 PagesA firearm, in the most basic form, consists of a barrel, an action, a firing mechanism, a stock and a sighting device. No matter the form of the firearm, the same basic principles of physics and chemistry apply. The study of these principles is called ballistics. There are three types of ballistics, internal, external, and terminal. Internal ballistics is the study of the flight of a projectile inside a firearm. External ballistics is the study of the flight of a bullet after leaving the muzzle andRead MoreThe Field Of The Military Field1313 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat deal of discipline in order to be successful. One has to endure arguably the hardest schooling out of any major, which includes juggling years of higher level of mathematics and its applications with several rigorous scientific classes such as physics, thermodynamics, and chemistry. One has to discipline oneself especially with time management and sharpness to be able to meet the demand placed on them to graduate. Simply said, one cannot slack even slightly in the engineering field otherwise heRead MoreCryogenics Essay835 Words   |  4 PagesIn Physics, Cryogenics is the study of the Production of Very Low Temperature (Below −150  °C, −238  °F or 123 K) and the Behavior of Materials at those Temperatures. A person who studies Elements under Extremely Cold Temperature is called a Cryogenicist. Rather than the Relative Temperature Scales of Celsius and Fahrenheit, Cryogenicists use the Absolute Temperature Scales. These are Kelvin (SI units) or Rankine scale (Imperial US units). Cryogenics: The Branches of Physics and Engineering thatRead MoreThe On The Sandy Hook Shooting1464 Words   |  6 PagesOn December 14th, 2012, Adam Lanza entered Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connect icut and shot and killed 20 children and 6 adult staff members. I remember sitting in my physics class when my phone buzzed and I received an alert from CNN about the tragic event. Newtown only being about 30 minutes away from where I live, affected my city greatly. The rest of the school year every elementary school in my district had a police officer stationed in front of it and my high school’s securityRead MoreForensic Science : A Forensic Scientist1546 Words   |  7 Pagesforensic scientist means that there is a high level of standard, considering that it will require a person to work with evidence and dead bodies. As for an academic point of view it would a necessity to have background knowledge in biology, chemistry or physics. The skills required of a forensic scientist are separated into three main components CSI (Crime Scene Investigation) skills, Laboratory skills and Communication skills. [10] Working on the field requires a methodical approach, strict protoc ol thatRead MoreThe Toulmin Model Of Argument 11533 Words   |  7 Pagesrelating to laws and policies that restrict the sale and use of firearms.) Claim of Definition: Laws governing the sale of firearms such as assault weapons and handguns do not constitute an infringement on our right to bear arms. (This speech/essay will focus on the Bill of Rights and its clause about the right to bear arms. It will argue for a particular definition that excludes the writing of laws that relate to ownership of firearms.) Claim of Cause: Tougher laws governing the sale of handgunsRead MoreThe Use Of Primitive Tasers On The United States Of America1279 Words   |  6 Pagesthan a stoppable force. The inventor of the first primitive TASER was Jack Cover. Jack was born on April sixth 1920 in New York. He later moved to Chicago with his family. He attended the University of Chicago where he earned a degree in nuclear physics. He became an Air Force test pilot in world war two and afterwards he worked at NASA as an aerospace engineer and worked on the Apollo missions. He died of pneumonia at the age of 88 on February 7th 2009. Also 1960s, the United States of America facedRead MoreThe Renaissance Essay758 Words   |  4 Pagesincluded the solution of cubic equations and the innovative astronomy of Nicolaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, and Johannes Kepler. By the end of the 16th century, Galileo had taken the crucial step of applying mathematical models to the subject matter of physics. Geography was transformed by new empirical knowledge derived from explorations beyond Europe and from the first translations of the ancient works of Ptolemy and Strabo. In the field of technology, the invention of printing in the 15th century beganRead MoreForensic Ballistics3483 Words   |  14 PagesEnglishman convicted of murder based on the torn edge of a wad of newspaper in a pistol that matched a piece remaining in his pocket. Throughout the nineteenth century, many developments took place. Ballistics is the study of the functioning of firearms, the flight of the bullet and the effects of different types of ammunition. Ballistics in crime investigation was first formally established in 1923 when Charles Waite and Philip Garavell set up the Bureau of Forensic Ballistics (BFB). Later, Colonel

The Impact Of Sexual Child Abuse On America - 1517 Words

The Impact of Sexual Child Abuse in America Child abuse has been going on for many years. There are many forms of child abuse, however, there is one that is far worse than the rest; sexual abuse. Children has a natural instinct to trust too easily and believe what people tell them, especially if they know those people. Statistics show very high figures of sexual child abuse in America. When children undergo sexual abuse, it impacts their whole being. There are physical, emotional, and psychologic effects that could impact a child not only short term but long term as well. When a child is victimized sexually, they are not aware of the victimization. These types of victimizations could last years before it is forced to stop. One of the sources describes a story where a women shares her experience of sexual child abuse. The story will explain what she went through emotionally after the incident. Even though it was a one-time victimization, it still had a long term effect. Educating chi ldren and adults about how to recognize the signs of sexual abuse could be a step closer towards helping innocent children who are being sexually victimized all around the United States. Summary of Literatures Definition of Sexual Child Abuse To begin, the common definition of sexual child abuse is referred to, in the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, as a type of maltreatment that refers to the involvement of the child in sexual activity to provideShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse1192 Words   |  5 Pages Doug mikel Child Abuse Sociology 111 Tues./Thurs. 8a-9:15a Tina Harrell 9/21/2014 Imagine living a life you fear, one you have to keep a secret. Always pretending to be happy and carefree when deep down thinking, Please don t let this day be the last. Living in a house where painful marks and scars are hidden by long sleeves, and jeans. Looking over your shoulder wondering when the next assault is going to be. â€Å"Almost five children die every day as a result of child abuse.  Ã‚  More than threeRead MoreChild Molestation And Its Effect On Children1638 Words   |  7 Pagesaware of the nature of the crime or offense. One of the most traumatizing experiences that a child can ever encounter in their adolescent life is sexual abuse. Child molestation has been inflicted on many children throughout history and most will agree that it is a harmful and despicable act, however do we know why it occurs? Do we know what causes child sexual abuse and does it have the same effect on every child? Are some children even aware of the fact that they are being victimized? Th ere are manyRead MoreThe Trauma of Childhood Sexual Abuse Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesAn estimated 39 million survivors of childhood sexual abuse exist in America today (Darness2Light, 2009a ). This figure continues to grow daily as perpetrators of this crime continue in this destructive path. The definition of child sexual abuse is the force, coercion, or cajoling of children into sexual activities by a dominant adult or adolescent. Sexual abuse of children includes touching (physical) sexually including: fondling; penetration (vaginal or anal using fingers, foreign objects orRead MoreChild Abuse979 Words   |  4 PagesChild Abuse 2 Just about all children have many different experiences that will have a major impact on their lives before they reach full maturity. A child can face a lot of dangerous things from the environment surroundings them which might seriously affect their whole life. The definition of Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: Child abuse is any action from adult to a child that can be harmful to the child’s body or mental (Children Welfare Information Gateway 2007). In theRead MoreThere Are Many Different Forms Of Child Sexual Abuse. Sexual1436 Words   |  6 Pagesare many different forms of child sexual abuse. Sexual abuse can be perpetrated by a relative or a stranger. But the most common of sexual abuse is committed by a beloved relative. Ratican (1992) defines childhood sexual abuse is a sexual act performed over and over between an adult and child (1992). The effects of childhood sexual abuse can last into adulthood and effect the way that a person thinks or t heir outlook of life. The effect of this act has a negative impact on the psychological patternRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1317 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse has long been an ongoing social problem; this abuse has been one of the repeatedly difficult accusations to prove in our criminal justice system. Child abuse causes many years of suffering for victims. Children abused suffer from chemical imbalances, behavioral issues and are at high risk for becoming abusers or being abused in adult relationships. This cycle of learned behavior and suffering will be a hopeless reoccurring problem unless the criminal justice system and protocols for abusersRead MoreEssay on The Gravity of Domestic Violence in America1423 Words   |  6 PagesFor generations, the gravity of domestic violence in America has been disregarded and glossed over; perhaps it is because 60 percent of all domestic violence takes place at home. Domestic violence is defined as, the situation in which an intimate partner or someone you live with attacks you and tries to hurt you, often including physical assault, sexual assault, and bullying. â€Å"Every year, more than 3 million children witness domestic violence in their homes.† (safehorizon.org) Domestic violence atRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse: The Epidemic That Must Cease 1443 Words   |  6 Pages Child abuse is epidemic in many countries as well as the United States. It is estimated that every thirteen seconds a child is abused in some manner: physically, sexually, emotionally or by neglect (Friedman). Each year, there are over 3 million reports of child abuse in the United States involving more than 6 million children. Child abuse can be reduced with proper education of the parents and with greater public awareness. Child abuse is the physical, sexual, emotional mistreatment, or neglectRead MoreEffects of Domestic Violence on Children1124 Words   |  5 Pagesprevalent social issue in America today. First, who is affected by domestic violence. Second, the impact of domestic violence on children. Third, the social harm of domestic violence is illustrated. This paper argues that domestic violence has tremendous effects on children. What makes domestic violence a social problem rather then a personal problem? Domestic violence 20 years ago was framed as a women’s issue. Domestic violence is a pattern of behaviors including physical, sexual, and psychologicalRead MoreThe Long Term Psychological Effects Associated with Sexual Assault959 Words   |  4 PagesThe long term psychological effects associated with sexual assault includes, depression, substance use, anxiety, PTSD, and decreased self esteem (Foa Riggs, 1993; Resick, 1993). The authors of this article supports current literature which proposes that African American children receives inadequate or inappropriate sexuality socialization and sexual abuse prevention in their cultures and families which may affect their disclosure of sexual assault in adulthood (Washington, 2001;Wyatt, 1992). Comaz-Diaz

Statement Of The Problem Free Essays

The analyses presented here are based on data representing a diverse group of mainly 18- and 19-year-old college students. The study was conducted in February and March of 2007 at the University of Illinois, Chicago, which is a U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Statement Of The Problem or any similar topic only for you Order Now urban public research university. 1U. S. News and World Report (2006) ranked this campus among the top 10 national universities as regards campus ethnic diversity, suggesting that this school offers an ideal location for studies of how different kinds of people use online sites and services. The project had the support of the First-Year Writing Program at the university, ensuring that a representative sample of the school’s undergraduate student body would participate. The writing course offered through this program is the only course on campus that is required of all students; thus, enrollment in it does not pose any selection bias. Out of the 87 sections offered as part of this course, 85 took part in the study, constituting a 98% participation rate on the part of course sections. Overall, there was a final response rate of 82% based on all of the students enrolled in the course. In order to control for time in the program, this article focuses on students in the first-year class. The survey was administered on paper instead of online. Relying on an online questionnaire when studying Internet uses could create a bias toward people who spend more time online, given that they may be more inclined to fill out the questionnaire and also, perhaps, more inclined toward higher rates of participation on the sites of research interest. The average survey completion time was approximately 30 minutes. The survey included detailed questions about respondents’ Internet uses (e. g. , experience, types of sites visited, and online activities) and their demographic background. Basic demographic information was measured using standard modes of operationalization. Students were asked their year of birth, and this information was used to calculate their age, which is included in the models as a continuous variable. Male is the base gender category (male = 0, female = 1). Information about race and ethnicity was collected using the U. S. Census Bureau (2000) questionnaire format, and dummy variables are used in the statistical model, with White as the omitted category. Consistent with work by others, parental education was used as a measure of socioeconomic status (e. g. , Carlson, Uppal, Prosser, 2000; Lamborn, Mounts, Steinberg, Dornbusch, 1991; Stice, Cameron, Hayward, Taylor, Killen, 1999). Since asking about household income has limited utility with such an age group (both because students do not know their parents’ income and because those who live in dorms may not know how to interpret â€Å"household†), and since educational level is constant in this group (every respondent is in the first year of college), parental schooling is a helpful measure. This information is included in the model as dummy variables, with some college education (but no college degree) as the base. Both the question about living at home with parents and the question about having access to the Internet at a friend’s or family member’s house is included as a dummy variable, where 1 signals yes to that question, and 0 stands for no. Finally, figures for both hours spent online per week and number of years a respondent has been an Internet user are logged in the analyses, given that an additional hour or year, respectively, likely has diminishing returns as the values increase. The analyses first consider only the core background characteristics of the user (age, gender, race and ethnicity, parental education). Then, a second model includes information about context and experience with use supplementing the core demographic variables. The 1,060 first-year students included in these analyses represent a diverse group of people. 2 Fifty-six percent of the respondents are female, 44% are male. Almost all are 18 or 19 years old, with a mean age of 18. 4 and a median of 18. Fewer than half are White and non-Hispanic. Slightly less than 8% claim African or African-American descent, almost 30% are of Asian or Asian American ancestry, and just under one-fifth are of Hispanic origin. These students come from varied family backgrounds. Over a quarter of respondents have parents whose highest level of education is high school, with an additional 20% whose parents do not have a college degree. While it may seem that sampling from a college population assumes a highly educated group, 25% of first-years at this university drop out of college by their second year (Ardinger et al. , 2004) and fewer than half (43. 6%) will graduate within six years of enrollment (University of Illinois-Chicago, 2004). Unlike many U. S.  colleges, over half of the students at this university commute from home and live with their parents (53. 1%). Baseline access and use statistics (Table 1) for the sample suggest that the Internet is not a novel concept in most of these students’ lives. On average, participants have access to the Internet at over six locations and have been users for over six years. When asked how often they go online, the vast majority report doing so several times a day. They estimate spending 15. 5 hours visiting Web sites weekly (excluding email, chat, and VoIP). While there is certainly some amount of variation in access and use, there are no basic barriers standing in the way of these young adults accessing the Internet. Limits may be put on their uses due to other factors (e. g. , the need to share resources at home, limited hours of access due to employment), but they all have basic access. This suggests that traditional concerns about the so-called digital divide do not apply to these students as regards basic availability of the Internet. Thus looking at such a wired group of users allows us to hold basic access to digital media constant and focus on differences in details of use instead. How to cite Statement Of The Problem, Papers

Coles and Woolworth’s price war coming to an end free essay sample

The Australian supermarket price war started in around 2011 as a major supermarket Coles started making their prices low so people would buy their products. The other supermarkets such as Woolworths started firing back and the prices kept getting increasingly cheaper which started the 7 yearlong price war. There were other companies who were involved in the price war but Coles and Woolworths were the main two competitors. The supermarkets started making promotions mottos and campaigns such as â€Å"down down† (coles) and â€Å"cheap cheap† (Woolworths) Coles and Woolworths are very similar brands they offer similar brands, weekly specials, and online services so they had to compete to be different by making their prices the lowest out of the two. The price drops are getting ridiculously low but is it really working for the companies. It is good for the customers because their food keeps getting cheaper and more affordable. The supermarkets are losing profit because of this price war their prices are getting cheaper but their rent is not. We will write a custom essay sample on Coles and Woolworth’s price war coming to an end? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The great Australian supermarket price war may be coming to an end as companies are deciding to focus on things other than price. The price war has been going on for seven years and is losing money for the companies. As a customer, the price war is great because all your favorite groceries just keep getting more affordable. Coles is hoping to increase profit by stepping out of the price war because they still have to pay the same amount for their rent and other necessities regardless of how cheap their grocery prices are. Coles has said they are becoming independent. Rather than price Coles has decided to focus on service quality, social programs and connecting with the community. Both companies have started campaigns including athletes and the connection between their success and the companies’ foods. Woolworths has started the campaign for â€Å"Australia’s fresh food people† and Coles’ sports for schools campaign is an example of these. The moving away from price competition is hoping to increase profit and customer loyalty.The price war between major Australian supermarket companies such as Coles and Woolworths may be coming to an end because of the companies deciding to move away from price campaigning. Although the price war may be coming to an end their competitiveness and war for customers will not.Bridget Gourlay

Approaches to Indigenous Issues essays

Approaches to Indigenous Issues essays Some people have asked the question, how the Australian Aborigines helped shape non-Aboriginal Australians. The response is to say that contact between the two races, both British and Indigenous Australians often resulted in bringing out the worst in people. Human beings have the innate capacity to be either moral or sinister. In 1788 Governor Philip arrived with the best of intentions in British treatment of the Australian Aborigine, however there was a determined effort by various governors, to drive the Aborigines from settlements and punish those who would not conform to the new 'way of life'. Often the Aborigines refused to accept British standards and could see no advantage in changing their ways. By the turn of the century, the settlers had no time for the Australian Aborigine. The Indigenous community was seen as being a pest and a nuisance, but of course, there were exceptions. By the middle of the nineteenth century, there was a belief in the colony, that the Aboriginal race was reaching its end. Until this had happened they were to be kept out of the way of the British population and were herded onto reserves and missions, to live out their days away from the Australian population where they would not interfere with progress. The ethnocentric attitude that fuels the first racist statement by Cunningham in 1834, of allows an insight into the extreme racist views that were widespread within the colonies at that certain time in Australias history. The allowance of such views was rampant, and allowed for the negative actions to be supported in the racist colonies of Australia. The statement made by Cunningham would have had a frightening negative impact on the general community. Such a statement shows the ignorance of the British colonists, their total lack of knowledge of the Indigenous community around them, and furthermore a certain desire to keep an absolu...

9 Things You Should Never Reveal About Yourself at Work

9 Things You Should Never Reveal About Yourself at Work You spend an astounding amount of time with your coworkers- even more than your family. You even develop incredibly close relationships with the people you work with day after day week after week. But even so, there are lines you should make sure not to cross. Here’s how to open up to your colleagues enough to build a genuine network but not so much that you drift into TMI. Just follow this list of what never to say.1.  How Much You Hate Your JobIf you say this- even if you mean it- you’ll be branded as a negative person. Or a complainer. Or just someone who can’t engage constructively with the task at hand. No one wants to hang out with a coworker who drags down morale.2. Your Hot Take on World EventsControversial topics like politics, the economy, religion, etc. come up all the time. It’s fine to engage in the topical conversation about current events, but nothing good can come from stirring the pot. If you find you have an even more controversial view point, hold onto it. Best case scenario, you might offend someone deeply. Worst case, you could end up with a lawsuit.3. Your Health ProblemsIt’s fine to let certain coworkers know when you’re going through something. But do spare them the details. Revealing too much personal health information can open you up to discrimination. And droning on about physical details could bore your colleagues to tears.4. Your Personal ProblemsAgain, if something big is going on with your partner or your family, it’s okay to give people a subtle heads up. But keep the details to yourself. Don’t be that person constantly babbling about how much your spouse or boyfriend or girlfriend or family is driving you bananas. You just end up seeming negative and sour.5. Anything About MoneyNo one needs to know how much money you make. And you don’t get to ask how much money they make. Definitely don’t try to get information out of others by blabbing about your salary.6. Your Opinion About That One CoworkerIf you have a negative opinion, however valid, about a coworker- i.e. you think they’re incompetent, or lazy, or dishonest, whatever- you should really not be talking about it with other coworkers. Even if you’re right, you’ll come across as insecure and people will probably side with your incompetent colleague.7. Your Facebook ProfileTry as best as you can to keep LinkedIn as your professional social media platform. Your outside-of-work friends get to see who you’re with and when you did tequila shots in Cabo. Keep your Internet boundaries clear.8. Bedroom TalkKeep the details of your sex life to yourself. And, more importantly, don’t speculate about what other people do in their own bedrooms. It’s just tacky and totally inappropriate.9. That You’re After a Different JobWhether you’re job hunting or you’re secretly angling for another coworker’s job, keep that intel to yoursel f.

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example The source further reveals that self service automated customer care need not be low quality now that they are often low cost. From the source, it emerges that Google needs to do a lot in terms of improving its customer service including making better designs of its products. This web article provides a detailed analysis of the strategies used by Google to position itself in the market. Among other issues that the article discusses is Google’s positioning with respect to Google branded smartphones, notebooks, and tablets. It emerges from the source that one of Google’s supply chain objectives is to commoditize sectors that it cannot dominate cheaply. Nassivera, J. (2014, June 12). Google introduces My Business service to improve company and customer relationship. HNGN. Retrieved from http://www.hngn.com/articles/33621/20140612/google-introduces-my-business-service-to-improve-company-and-customer-relationship.htm In this web article, Nassivera discusses about Google’s innovative product that goes by the name â€Å"Google My Business†. The product is dedicated to improving customer relations and is targeted at businesses across all economic sectors. The product makes it possible for businesses to identify and serve loyal customers though such services as Hangout and Google plus. Apart from the information that the source provides in respect of Google My Business, the business provides vital statistics related to the number of small businesses that own websites. Shwartz’s article reveals the thoughts of a Googler, DeWitt Clinton, on why it is not feasible for Google to maintain a customer support team. The article reveals that on a global scale, Google has billions of users every day, only a very minute percentage of this population requiring support. The organization would need roughly 20, 833 people to work as part of its support team to meet the global demand for support

Drug and Substance Abuse Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Drug and Substance Abuse Testing - Essay Example As the paper outlines, welfare was designed to help the underprivileged in the society. Through welfare, the poor and the disabled population in the society are able to re-enter the workforce and to subsequently care for themselves. The fact is that ever since its incorporation, welfare has been able to assist numerous families and needy individuals in the society. However, the Welfare Reform consequentially contributed to a significant reduction of welfare dependants. Consequentially, regardless of the significant financial savings accrued to the welfare reform, this policy has facilitated the increase in unemployment levels. Moreover, drug testing by itself does nothing to promote employment, economic stability or responsible parenting ("Drug testing for welfare recipients to be considered by state Senate" 6). Recipients point to data showing that those on welfare are far less likely to do drugs than those who are not on welfare. Moreover, the monthly assistance checks barely cover necessities (Dawkins 2011:1). Therefore, the implementation of such a policy is an indication of stereotyping by the legislature, based on the assumption that welfare recipients are more likely to abuse drugs.  The adoption of state drug testing requirements are unconstitutional and a violation of privacy. This issue came out as a result of the Michigan statute that was influenced by the Marchwinski case. In the case, Marchwinski v. Howard, the plaintiff challenged the Michigan state statute, arguing that the case suspicion-less drug testing was an unconstitutional search under the 4th amendment (Schaberg 583). The court held that suspicion-less drug testing is a blanket condition that is relevant in order to receive state assistance.

Leadership Qualities That Rely on Five Principle Actions

Leadership Qualities That Rely on Five Principle Actions Akhil Reddy Leburu Abstract This paper explains the leadership principles that are proposed by James Kouzes and Barry Posner. The leadership qualities were described as per the five principles followed: Leaders challenge the process, Leaders inspire a shared vision, Leaders enable others to act, Leaders model the way, Leaders encourage the heart. The ethical behavior and social identity are briefly described. Keywords: Ethical behavior, Social identity Leadership Qualities That Rely on Five Principle Actions The five actionable qualities are main roles that leaders should acquire given by the author. Leaders plays an important role in the company who leads the team and assign the tasks to team members per their skills or department. He/she should take the responsibility of the team members. The influential roles that a leader should obtain are given below. We are going to discuss about the five principles that are required for a leader. In this discussion, Im giving real time examples to describe how each principle can be effected on real world situation. Leadership Challenge the Process Inspiring innovation and leading change call for more than process- they require the adoption of a cultural mindset (as cited in Forbes by Mike Myatt). The leader should challenge the foundation if the vision and core values are shaky. Challenging the promise keeps the leader sustainable and deliverable. For example, if the leader is not able to communicate with team members and not able to complete the product as promised to given time, you may be in the trouble. The leader should challenge himself instead of challenging others. Great leaders challenge all the complex things. The leader must assess the information quality gathered and must be credibility in the process. Leaders Inspire a Shared Vision If they [employees] cant see themselves in the picture, then they cant imagine that its a possibility for them. (as cited in Forbes by Carmine Gallo). The leaders must have a clear and perfect vision before inspiring others. For example, the professional athletics visualize the game before the game starts from beginning to end, they focus on gaining the victory. Invite your team members to explore their ideas or thoughts and opinions to be more than a pay check. Nothing extraordinary ever happened without a leader articulating a vision, a course of action says John F. Kennedy. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King and Che Guevara inspire us by being themselves as great speakers who were followed by the public opinion and share their vision to the world. Leaders Enable Others to Act Leaders who Enable Others to Act spread their influence far beyond their physical sphere (says Jody R. Rogers). The leader cannot survive without his/her teammates or colleagues. The leader need to take an advantage of opportunities of team to decode their challenges. Leader should take a responsibility of sharing each other ideas or thoughts to implement new products. The leader should have skills or knowledge on what the team are discussing about and meet their expectations. For example, if a team has a different thought that solves the current problem, the leader doesnt take a chance of referring the problem with the team, the leader may lose the opportunity to get a perfect solution. Leaders Model the Way Leaders live and act by their values. They have clarity in what they believe, and they align their actions with their values. Leaders must set an example by setting the actions with shared values. For example, a car dealer who dominates his market. He is not only the one, the next four car dealers combine and equal up the market where he competes. The leaders must lead a path to next generation by giving a motivation. He/She must be excepting the ideas and thoughts of the team. Leaders Encourage the Heart Leaders give heart by visibly recognizing peoples contributions to the common vision (by Kouzes Posner, 2012). The leader must recognize contributions by giving respect for individual excellence. Leaders follow their heart and encourage the thoughts and get them into the world. They should take the responsibility of the team and give them the requirements and space needed. Conclusion I conclude that the five principles that are proposed by James Kouzes and Barry Posner plays an important role in the leadership challenge process. The leaders must follow the principles that are mentioned in the discussion. I have given a brief description of each and every principle in the paper. References http://www.forbes.com/sites/mikemyatt/2013/03/07/10-things-every-leader-should-challenge/#207cd262450b http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2011/07/06/the-7-secrets-of-inspiring-leaders/#77c61e923195 http://www.leadershipchallenge.com/resource/enabling-others-to-act-inspiring-commitment-.aspx Kouzes, James, and Posner, Barry, (2008). The Student Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. http://www.tsaweb.org/sites/default/files/u1/Model%20the%20Way%20Lesson.pdf Kouzes, J.M., Posner, B.Z. (2012). The Leadership Challenge, (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. https://prezi.com/devk6jm5ysff/leadership-challenge-encouraging-the-heart-final/

The Neandertals :: essays research papers

The Neandertals Staring into the gloom, I imagine the cave's ancient inhabitants, wrapped in bear skins, huddled near a fire. The haunches of a reindeer roast in the fire. A mother nurses her infant. Children playfully throw pieces of bone into the flames. An old woman tends the wounds of a hunter with an herbal ointment. The strong smells of smoke, unwashed bodies, and rotting carcasses thicken the air.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Until recently, nobody would have assumed that the above passage (Rick Gore, pp.6) was about how the Neandertals lived. However, recent studies have shown that Neandertals are smarter than we first thought.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The geography of the Neandertals domain was quite odd. 230,000 years ago Europe was filled with caves, marshes, and grasslands. It was a very harsh and cold wilderness. The Neandertals were in existence right in the middle of the Ice Age, and although occasional warm periods would create subtropical conditions as far north as England for thousands of years, the glaciers would always return and the Neandertals would always be forced south again. The Neandertals could be found as far north as England and as far south as Spain, from Gibralter to Uzbekistan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neandertal bones have been found in the Neander Valley and Dusseldorf Germany, in Altamura, Italy and Vindija, Croatia. These are major sites for the European caves the Neandertals lived in. Although the Neandertals went to the southern tip of Italy, they never crossed the Mediterranean Sea to Africa. They migrated from central Europe to central Asia to the Middle East and always came back. Their main mode of moving around was on their feet, and they usually travelled in bands of no more than 30 people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Neandertals had broad noses, and scientists think this was to warm the cold air. They also had thick browridges, receding chins, high foreheads, and their skulls sloped back over their brains. They learned to hunt in groups in order to kill the bigger game. The Neandertals lived with modern humans for 10,000 years, but they didn't change, and eventually it is believed the modern humans conquered them with their more advanced technology.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although not much is known about the Neandertal's culture, anthropologists have some ideas of how they lived their life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is believed by many that the Neandertals practiced cannibalism for a death ritual. There is evidence of this on the skulls and big bones of Neandertals. There are cut marks and some bones have been broken open and are without marrow. Why would they do this? Maybe they liked the way their neighbors tasted, or maybe it was a ritual for a religion of theirs.

Alexander Pope’s “The Rape of the Lock” Essay

18th-century high society through exaggeration and parody. Basing his poem on an actual incident that occurred among some of his acquaintances, Pope intended his story to put the episode into humorous perspective and encourage his friends to laugh at their own actions. A mock epic is a poem dealing with petty subject matter in the exalted style of the great literary epics. This genre is a form of parody for satirical purposes. The poem uses the trivial story of the stolen lock of hair as a vehicle for making judgments on society and on men and women in general. Characteristics of the ILLIAD and the ODYSSEY that the Rape of the Lock mocks include: the statement of the theme, invocation of the muse, description of the great battles, supernatural beings taking part in the affairs of men and the hero becoming immortalized in a star or constellation (Long, â€Å"Pope† 1). In the opening lines â€Å"What dire offense from amorous causes springs, / What almighty contests rise from trivial things† (Canto I, lines 1-2), Pope states the theme of the poem: that trivial matters should remain just that- trivial. In the lines following the  invocation of an unlikely muse is clearly stated â€Å"I sing- This Verse to Caryll, Muse! Is due† (Canto 1, 3). The entire poem is divided into five cantos and is written in heroic couplet verse. The use of the heroic couplet is typically neoclassic because it exhibits the ideals of the time. In order to write a heroic couplet the author must have complete control over his words and the story he wants to tell. A strong sense of order is needed so that the couplets may rhyme and most importantly make sense to the reader at the same time. The heroic couplet perfectly accents the epic devices used in the poem, for, as a form of verse the heroic couplet seems to have a connotation of  larger-than-life-situations in the minds of its readers. By using this style in describing such insignificant matters in his poem, Pope only supports his theme that his society places great importance on minor matters. Pope’s elaborate portrayal of events in Canto I furthers comparison with the literary epic; it parodies the traditional epic passage describing the shields of ancient warriors. Belinda’s make-up routine is compared to the putting on of armor: â€Å"From each she nicely culls with curious toil,/ And decks the goddess with the glittering spoil† (Canto II, 131-132). Make-up, clothing, jewelry and other material possessions are this parody’s substitutes for armor and weapons. Pope closely imitates the epic form for comic effect in order to expose the questionable values of his time. â€Å"Using a vast force to lift a feather† (Long,†Pope† n.p.), thoroughly describes Pope’s reasons for his use of elaborate language. He uses the epic’s exaggeration to mock misplaced priorities. The great battles of the literary epic are transformed into card games and flirtatious charades. The great Greek and Roman gods are converted into an army of protective but powerless  sprites called â€Å"sylphs† who protect both the serious and the trivial. For all of her strife â€Å"This Lock, the Muse shall consecrate to Fame, / And mid’st the Stars inscribe Belinda’s name† (Canto V, lines 149-150). Belinda is immortalized in the sky by a star bearing her name. â€Å"Satire is a glass wherein beholders do generally discover everybody’s face but their own† (Long, â€Å"Racine† 4). Pope uses every aspect of the mock epic to satirize the frivolity of the people around him. He takes specific scenes and uses parody to illustrate the insignificance of everyday rituals. He even uses the structure of rhyming couplets to juxtapose the ordinary with the extraordinary to reveal the society’s distorted value system.

I chose the movie clip entitled “King Kong”. It’s from the...

I chose the movie clip entitled â€Å"King Kong†. It’s from the movie â€Å"Training Day† starring Denzel Washington. Training Day is a movie that follows a corrupted detective’s day to day mischief as he schools a rookie cop. Training Day depicts a product of the matchup between screenwriter David Ayer, who grew up in South Central Los Angeles, and director Antoine Fuqua, who grew up on the rough side of Pittsburgh. Both Ayer and Fuqua are highly familiar with the highly intensified relationship between police and criminals. From the moment you set eyes on him you can relies that Alonzo is a strong willed individual who demands respect from everyone he meets. Denzels performance is absolutely captivating. He does an excellent job at portraying†¦show more content†¦All the interiors done on stage were taken from the locations and researched in the neighborhoods with the help of the residents which also gave the film the authenticity of being in the â€Å"hood†. She became sort of an urban anthropologist, because everything the viewer sees is as it really is. The colors and textures used, change throughout the scene, but everything they used was taken directly from the neighborhood that you find yourself in throughout the clip. Cinematographers and art directors play a very important and creative role in film production. They work closely with the director and give a film its unique visual look and identity. The art director was David Lazan and cinematographer Mauro Fiore. The entiriety of the movie is comprised in a single day which can be challenging for cinematographers and art directors. The film seemed to be filled with brief stints of consolidated action and emotion. This gave the plot of the film the feel as though it was unfolding in only a single day. Light can make a scene look more realistic by creating shadows and highlights. In this scene Alonzo if enraged with anger as he looks for help from the gangsters and thugs he once worked with and protected but those very same individual’s no longer have the same respect for Alonzo. The â€Å"King Kong† scene is shot using a low key lighting design. Low–key lighting is often used for intense dramatic scenes which was a perfect fit for this scene. The dark lighting used in these scene

The Hate U Give By Angie Thomas - 1402 Words

Young adult literature such as The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas, emphasizes teenagers using both their actions and their voices to overcome injustices such as racial inequality and police brutality. Racial inequality and police brutality is discussed greatly throughout The Hate U Give, due to the difficulties the protagonist, Starr Carter, endures when her best friend, Khalil, is killed because of him being African American and situated in an unsafe neighborhood. Starr embraces an inner conflict with herself in regards to speaking up and taking action against the presented injustices she constantly faces. The author, Laura M. Robinson, of Girlness and Guyness: Gender Trouble in Young Adult Literature thoroughly explains why adolescents are†¦show more content†¦The feeling of being judged for the experiences an individual faces can be detrimental to the person s personality by that these experiences result in you trying to become someone you are not so that you hide what socie ty feels is your flaw, your race. Starr lives in two completely separate worlds, Garden Heights and the area surrounding Williamson High School. These two worlds hinders Starr’s ability to voice her opinions and thoughts about anything because in both of these areas there is this fear of overstepping boundaries. Overstepping boundaries in either area causes an individual to become threatened, for example, in Garden Heights, Starr silences herself whenever she is around gang members because she is frightened that the gang members will harm both her and her family for her opinions. Starr silences herself when she is at Williamson High School, especially since she is one out of the few African Americans that attends there, because her opinion is outnumbered by the majority of the population who are either ignorant about the issues that affects Starr’s race or cares less to even hear issues that occurs to others beside them. Starr’s race had contributed to this fear of her speaking out because there was this idea that minorities, AfricanShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Angie Thomass The Hate U Give786 Words   |  4 Pagescreatives is New York Times best-selling author Angie Thomas. Her debut novel, The Hate U Give is inspired by the Black Lives Matter movement. The riveting tale is about a 16-year-old named Starr who witnesses her childhood friend get killed by a cop. As Starr navigates the two worlds she lives in — her poor neighborhood and her affluent private school — she struggles with the effects of witnessing the death of a childhood friend. Not only is The Hate U Give a timely message in today’s society, but it’s

Willy Loman as Coward in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman

Willy Loman as Coward in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Everybody feels the penetrating presence of fear throughout life. However, people’s reactions to this fear separate the brave souls from the cowards. Mark Twain once said, Courage is resistance to fear; mastery of fear, not absence of fear (Twain 6). In Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman fears rejection by his son, Biff, and the business world. His fears master him, creating in him a fantasy world of life as it was eighteen years ago. Willy’s avoidance of reality and his suicide show his cowardice. However, the emphasis he puts on financial success prevents him from realizing the consequences that his suicide would create. Willy’s refusal to face†¦show more content†¦Willy believes that his family will appreciate the twenty thousand dollars insurance money they will receive as a result of his death. However, his motives involve more than helping with finances. Willy thinks his funeral will prove his greatness to Biff. In a daydream, Willy tells his brother, Ben, That funeral will be massive! . . . He’ll see what I am, Ben! He’s in for a shock, that boy! (Miller 1275). Willy disregards the fact that establishing a relationship with Biff will affect him more than money. His cowardice causes him to believe that suicide is the only way to gain his son’s respect. Throughout the play, Willy’s ideas of happiness prevent him from realizing that his acts are cowardly. To him, financial success embodies happiness. His comparisons of himself to others show his idealizations. Mainly, he idolizes Ben, who walked into Africa at age seventeen and walked out four years later as a wealthy man. Willy also compares himself to Dave Singleman, a salesman he met on the road early in his career. Dave prospered as a salesman even at age eighty-four. Willy asks his boss, Howard, What could be more satisfying than to be able to go, at the age of eighty-four, into twenty or thirty different cities, and pick up a phone, and be remembered and loved and helped by so many different people? (Miller 1251). Due to his belief that money creates happiness, Willy feels that money will mend the brokenShow MoreRelated Willy Loman Died a Coward in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman880 Words   |  4 PagesWilly Loman Died a Coward in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman   Ã‚   In his early sixties he knows his business as well as he ever did. But the unsubstantial things have become decisive; the spring has gone from his step, the smile from his face and the heartiness from his personality. He is through. The phantom of his life has caught up with him. As literally as Mr. Miller can say it, dust turns to dust. Suddenly, there is nothing (Internet 1). The New York Times has expressed the tragedyRead More Willy Lomans Lack of Morality in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1021 Words   |  5 PagesWilly Lomans Lack of Morality in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Arthur Millers play, Death of a Salesman, a major theme and source of conflict is the Loman familys lack of morality.   This is particularly evident in the father, Willy Loman.   Willy has created a world of questionable morality for himself and his family.   In this world, he and his sons are men of greatness that have what it takes to make it in the competitive world of business.   In reality, Willy’s son BiffRead MoreWilly Lomans Descent Into Insanity Essay2104 Words   |  9 PagesArthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman follows protagonist Willy Loman in his search to better his and his family’s lives. Throughout Willy Loman’s career, his mind starts to wear down, causing predicaments between his wife, two sons and close friends. Willy’s descent into insanity is slowly but surely is taking its toll on him, his job and his family. They cannot understand why the man they have trusted for support all these years is suddenl y losing his mind. Along with his slope into insanityRead More Comparison of Madness and Sanity in Hamlet and Death of a Salesman1338 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Madness and Sanity in Hamlet and Death of a Salesman Could anyone really determine whether or not a person is mad or sane? In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman each of their two main characters, Hamlet and Wily Loman, are put up to this question, but in each situation their so-called madness differs in the cause of them. The ways in which their madness affects their lives is proven by three actions. These actions are neglecting theirRead More The Collapse of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller,2034 Words   |  9 Pagessomething automatically granted; or in contrast, as in the story â€Å"Death of a Salesman† written by Arthur Miller, as something that has to be achieved in order to be successful in life. The play takes issues with those in America who place to much stress on material gain, instead of more admirable values. American society is exemplified with Miller’s work and demonstrates how a dream could turn into a nightmare. Arthur Miller’s, â€Å"Death of a Salesman†, is a play that portrays the author’s life and the psychologicalRead MoreEssay Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller1088 Words   |  5 PagesIn Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman Willy Loman has an obsession with material wealth and popularity. 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At this critical point in Willie’s existence, his oldest son Biff has returned home for a visit, and Willie’s old desire for his son to be a traditional success in life is rekindled. But the old tensionsRead MoreWilly Loman : the Tragedy of the American Dream2717 Words   |  11 PagesWilly Loman : The Tragedy of the American Dream Prosperity, job security, hard work and family union are some of the concepts that involve the American Dream, generally speaking. Some people think this dream is something automatically granted; or in contrast, as in the story Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller, as something that has to be achieved in order to be successful in life. The play takes issues with those in America who place too much stress on material gain, instead ofRead MoreUnethical Dreams in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman and F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gasby1930 Words   |  8 Pagescame in. The blatant disregard for honesty, eventually leading to destruction, can be seen in both literary works, Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman and F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gasby. Both novels touch upon similar themes regarding the instability and ignorance of the two main characters, Willy Loman and Jay Gatsby. The two find themselves living in fantasy worlds, Willy is sti ll convinced that even at his age and stature he is capable of obtaining the American dream, where as Jay isRead MoreThe Changing Relationship Between Individual and Society in Modern Drama3272 Words   |  14 Pagesnonentity without rights outside the role of motherhood or marriage; In the 1930s and 40s, German-born writer Bertolt Brecht, produced a series of plays following ideologies common of Nihilist and later Marxist values; Following the second world war, Arthur Miller wrote to American audiences that individuals and their society are equally damning forces on one another. By following Ibsen, Brecht and Miller, three authors from three different countries, backgrounds and time frames, it is possible to witness

Strategic Human Resource Management Operations

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Human Resource Managementfor Operations. Answer: Introduction Accenture is a global management consulting and professional services company that provides consultancy services to its clients in the field of technology, strategy, operations, etc. The company is a part of the Fortune Global 500 company and has an approximate workforce of 394,000 employees as of 2016. In a recent tide of events, the company decided to put an end to its performance reviews and bring a massive change in its internal operations. The reason for dropping the performance reviews is that the system of reviews failed to fulfil its objective of promoting better staff performance. The firm plans to switch to a system in which all the employees will receive regular feedback from their superiors. Is Dropping the Performance Reviews a Good Idea for Accenture? As discussed above, Accenture is one of the worlds top companies with a lot of capabilities in the consultancy sector. The company has been developing technological solutions for its clients that have helped its clients in increasing their performance levels and becoming more competitive. The company is so efficient in its field that 82% of the employees at Accenture say that their workplace is great. Further, 89% of the employees working at Accenture feel that the management is competent at running the business while 88% of the employees feel that the management is honest and ethical in its business practice (Accenture, n.d.). Therefore, the decision taken by the management to switch to a new performance management system is definitely a calculated move and must have a reason behind it. The decision to drop the performance reviews at Accenture is a great idea for the company because: First of all, the company came to realize that the system, which the company was using to measure the performance of its employees, was not successful as it failed to fulfil its sole objective of promoting better staff performance. It has been found that sometimes, the system of measuring performance can be dysfunctional and can cause greater harm to the performance levels of a company than the benefits of an efficient performance management system (Spekla Verbeeten, 2014). Secondly, the firm itself had doubts related with the efficiency of the system and wanted to switch to a more fluid system of measuring performance that would include receiving regular feedback from the superiors. Thirdly, the company also discovered that the performance review system that it had been using in the past was resulting in a wastage of a lot of important resources. Conducting annual appraisals required a lot of time, money and the entire workforce had to put in a lot of efforts to make it happen. Thu s, this system of performance reviews was getting far beyond the reach of the management and it was becoming difficult for the management to manage such a complex system. Fourthly, the company realised itself the the system of performance reviews was dysfunctional in itself. A system that comprises of forcing rankings along some distribution curve could not be efficient because it might foster a negative feeling amongst those employees who had contributed a lot of their efforts towards the achievement of the organisational goals and objectives throughout the year (Klikauer, 2016). The company also believes that it should place its trust in the employees that it had recruited in the first place and should not undertake strategies where their efforts are reviewed again and again. Rather, the management at Accenture wants to provide freedom, authority and delegation to innovate to all the employees because the company itself has recruited the best possible fits for filling up its workp lace. On the overall, the decision of the company to drop its ongoing system of performance management is a good yet strong decision even though it might involve bringing about a major change in the entire organisation. It is very important for a global company like Accenture to discover redundancies in its operations and human resource management and remove them so that it can minimise its operational costs and can avoid wastage of important resources, which will ultimately help the company in becoming more competitive and efficient. Future Impacts of the Change on the Company Accenture has planned to take a very bold move that will make the entire organisation go through a major makeover that will definitely have some impacts on the company in the future. The company has valid reasons that are forcing it to undertake such a major step and undertaking such a step might also allow the company to bring down its operational costs and save a lot of resources that were earlier being directed towards the performance management system. Although, the results might be in favour of the company to a certain extent, the company might face a number of problems in the longer run that can cost the company more than it is intended to save through its bold move. The issues that might end up increasing the cost of the company because of the change being introduced are discussed below: First of all, a lack of performance ratings can result into decreased job engagement amongst the employees. For an organisation to perform better, it is a must that the employees of the company are engaged in their work and measuring their performance along with an appraisal system is one of the best ways to keep them engaged. The move of Accenture to drop its system of performance rating might reduce the level of employee engagement in the company and bring down the overall productivity and efficiency of the company in the longer run (Adler, et al., 2016). Secondly, another major benefit of having performance ratings and performance appraisals is that it provides an exceptional framework for the company that helps it in analysing the lacking skills in the employees. Using performance measurement systems, companies are able to diagnose the areas where its employees lack competencies and are required to be trained or developed in those areas in order to improve their efficiency. If th e company drops its performance measurement system altogether, it might not be able to assess the training and development needs of its employees in the near future and will lose the ability to continuously increase the competencies of its workforce. Thirdly, many employees are themselves in favour of performance management systems as performance ratings by the management allows them to assess their competencies and compare their performances with benchmarks fixed by themselves. In absence of a performance measurement system, the employees might not be able to identify the areas where they need to improve and might lose interest in their jobs (Chatterji, Durand, Levine, Touboul, 2016). Fourthly, another major benefit of analysing the performance of the employees is that it helps the management in succession planning. It becomes easier for the management to identify employees that have the potential to take up higher positions in the organisation in the future using a system that me asures their performances. In absence of a performance rating system, it might become difficult for the management to identify the employees having the right potential to move up in the organisational hierarchy and the company might also face difficulties in fulfilling its human resource demands internally. Lastly, a major issue that the management might face is related to the motivation level amongst the employees. One of the reasons why organisations use performance management systems is to keep the employees motivated by associating the system with some kind of rewards, such as increase in pay, promotion, etc. but in absence of a performance management system, the employees might feel demotivated and show a decline in the performance level (Gomes Romo, 2014). The above mentioned issues can definitely result in a decline in the overall productivity and efficiency of the company and the organisation might end up paying more than the costs that it intended to save by dropping its performance measurement system. Recommendations for Future Performance measurement Performance management system is a necessary evil that every company has to execute to manage its human resources appropriately. Though performance management systems are time consuming and require a lot of resources but they are also very important from the perspective of human resource management. Therefore, the company should not give up on performance ratings or management altogether as it might cause some serious issues in the near future. some recommendations that the company can use to monitor, assess and improve the performance of its employees effectively is discussed below: 360-Degree Performance Review: As evident from the case itself, the company wants to drop its performance management system and switch to a system where it can evaluate the performance of its employees on the basis of their individual role and performance. Thus, a 360-degree performance review will be one of the best options for the company. In a 360-degree performance feedback system is a process in which employees receive anonymous and confidential feedback about their performance from people who are around them. In such a system, all people i.e. managers, peers, juniors, etc. provide a performance feedback (Karkouliana, Assakera, Hallakb, 2016). In a system where an employees superiors, colleagues, subordinates and even customers provide feedback about the performance of an employee, the results obtained are better and have a higher accuracy. Some advantages of a 360-degree feedback system are discussed below: It will allow the company to have a performance feedback of an employee that is more accurate and reliable (Aggarwal, Sundar, Thakur, 2013) It provides an excellent framework for the employees that can help them in increasing self-awareness as it provides a detailed account of their strengths and weaknesses (Buckingham Goodall, 2015) Using a 360 degree feedback system will also allow the company to continue to assess the training and development needs of the employees even if it drops its system of performance ratings A 360 degree feedback system will provide multiply rated feedback about the employees that would allow the employees to uncover blind spots in their behaviour. A 360 degree feedback system is a relatively new concept that a lot of business organisations have started to implement in their workplace because of its potential to improve their system of performance measurement. This system has a greater efficiency than the traditional performance management systems and also require less resources for executing it. Thus, Accenture can also assess the potential of this system in accordance with its workplace conditions and replace its previous performance management system with a 360 degree feedback system in order to achieve better end results. Conclusion Accenture is one of the top global companies in the world and has been able to achieve this success because of its efficient management techniques and a high performing workforce. The decision of the company to put an end to its time and resource consuming performance management system that was not helping the company in achieving its primary objective of boosting employee performance is definitely a calculated move but the lack of a performance management system might have some serious implications for the company in the longer run. Therefore, the management of the company should definitely come up with a simpler and a more effective performance management system, such as 360 degree feedback, so that it can increase its overall efficiency and can become more competent. Bibliography Accenture. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2017, from reviews.greatplacetowork.com: https://reviews.greatplacetowork.com/accenture Spekla, R. F., Verbeeten, F. H. (2014, June 02). The use of performance measurement systems in the public sector: Effects on performance. Management Accounting Research, 25(2), 131-146. Klikauer, T. (2016, October 19). Eight fatal flaws of performance management. Chatterji, A. K., Durand, R., Levine, D. I., Touboul, S. (2016, August). Do ratings of firms converge? Implications for managers, investors and strategy researchers. Strategic Management Journal, 37(8), 1597-1614. Adler, S., Campion, M., Colquitt, A., Grubb, A., Kevin Murphy, R. O.-K., Pulakos, E. D. (2016, June). Getting Rid of Performance Ratings: Genius or Folly? A Debate. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 9(2), 219-252. Gomes, J., Romo, M. (2014). Advantages And Limitations Of Performance Measurement Tools: The Balanced Scorecard. Smith, M., Bititci, U. S. (2016). Interplay between performance measurement and management, employee engagement and performance . International Journal of Operations and Production Management. Karkouliana, S., Assakera, G., Hallakb, R. (2016, May 5). An empirical study of 360-degree feedback, organizational justice, and firm sustainability. Journal of Business Research, 69(5). Aggarwal, A., Sundar, G., Thakur, M. (2013, February 2013). Techniques of Performance Appraisal-A Review. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2(3). Buckingham, M., Goodall, A. (2015, April). Reinventing Performance Management. Harvard Business Review. Mone, E. M., London, M. (2014). Employee Engagement Through Effective Performance Management: A Practical Guide For Managers.

Life of Pi Preparation Questions free essay sample

Life of Pi: Yann Martel Analytical questions for holiday work. 1. Read the book carefully and respond to the following question. 2. Some questions will only make sense to students who have already read the book. Students reading it for the first time should leave spaces in order to develop responses after your reading and during class. 3. Also, make sure that you develop a list of question as you read so you can move beyond being the passive reader to the actively involved reader. You will be given a knowledge test on the novel during the first week of Term 3 so be prepared!!!! Author’s Note (remember that this is the fictional persona created by Martel) 1. What is the writer/author’s intent in this section? 2. Describe the author’s character. Give specific examples to support your interpretation. 3. What is the relevance of the reference to Kierkergaard? (research this philosopher) 4. What is the significance of the reference to the French colonization of Pondicherry? 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Pi Preparation Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What will supposedly make the author believe in God? 6. Consider the significance of the word â€Å"bamboozle† within the context of this novel. Part 1: Toronto and Pondicherry Chapter 1 * Consider the significances of Pi’s double major in Zoology and Religious studies? * In what ways does Patel allude to his suffering and the influence that suffering has had on him. Many of Pi’s anecdotes relate to human’s cruelty to each other. * How does the description of the survival of the three toed sloth foreshadow other events in the story? * Consider the significance of Pi’s loyalty to both India and Canada. * Discuss his memory of Richard Parker Chapter 2 1. Why is this chapter written in italics? How is Pi depicted at this stage in his life? Chapter 3 1. What is the significance of Pi’s name and how is swimming connected to the survival story? Chapter 4 1. Discuss Pi’s fascination with animal behaviour and interaction and the similarities he draws between humans. 2. Why does he think that animals are better off in a zoo? Chapter 5 1. What is a Sihk? p. 20 (research the religion) 2. Discuss 4 p. 20 3. What does Pi’s focus on his name tell us about his character and what possible significance can this name have in relation to the main ideas in the novel? Chapter 6 1. Why is the author focussing on Pi’s present preoccupation with food? 2. What is the â€Å"siege† of Leningrad†? p. 25 Chapter 7 1. Research Mendel and Darwin p. 26 Why are they relevant in this story 2. How is Mr. Kumar’s atheism expressed? 3. What is Pi’s response to agnostics? p. 28 Chapter 8 1. Discuss Pi’s comments re the danger of animals and the cruelty of humans. 2. What is anthropomorphism? 3. What lesson does Mr Patel teach Ravi and Pi and why? Chapter 9 1. How does this chapter foreshadow the training of Richard Parker? Chapter 10 1. How does Pi’s anecdote about the escaped animal link to Richard Parker? 2. Discuss the significance of Pi’s description of madness. Chapter 11 * What is the relevance of this chapter? Chapter 12 * Why does the writer refer to Pi’s preferences in food? Chapter 13 14 1. What does Pi’s description of lion taming add to our understanding of the deeper issues in this story? . Chapter 15 1. What is significant about the descriptions of religious images in Pi’s house Chapter 16 1. Discuss Pi’s religious development. Complete some research on the Hindu religion. . Chapter 17 1. Discuss Pi’s fascination with the Christian religion. Chapter 18, 19 20 1. .Discuss Pi’s introduction and consequent responses to the Islamic religion. Chapter 21 1. Discuss the nature of the author’s reflections on Pi’s experiences of religion. Chapter 22 1. . What is the relevance in this brief chapter of Pi’s reflection on atheists and agnostics? Chapter 23 1. What different views of god are explored in this section and why? 2. What does Pi mean at the end of this chapter, â€Å"That was my introduction to interfaith dialogue†? p 70. Chapter 24 25, 1. What is Ravi’s humorous suggestion in this very brief paragraph and what dimension does it add to the focus on religions in this novel? 2. Discuss Pi’s response to all of the faiths he has explored. Chapter 26, 27 28 1. . How do Pi’s parents cope with his request to be baptised? 2. What is Pi’s response to his baptism? Chapter 29 1. Discuss the rhetorical questions at the start of this chapter and the ways in which Pi and Ravi respond to the family’s emigration. 2. Discuss the political upheaval and the reasons that Pi’s parent wish to move away from their homeland. Chapter 30 1. What is the purpose for this brief response to the realisation that Pi has a wife? Chapter 31 1. What is the narrative purpose of this encounter between Pi’s atheist science teacher, Mr Kumar and Mr Kumar the Muslim baker? Chapter 32 1. What is the point of the story of Methuselah and the mouse? Chapter 33 1. Why has the writer included this short piece on Pi’s family photographs? Chapter 34 1. Discuss Pi’s interpretation of Westerners in this chapter that focuses on selling the animals and moving the zoo Chapter 35 1. Pi is sixteen years old when he and his family move to Canada. What are his reflections on this? Chapter 36 1. Discuss the reason that the narrator is surprised that Pi has two children. Part 2: The Pacific Ocean Chapter 37 1. Why does Pi feel ambivalent about saving Richard parker? 2. What is meant by â€Å"truly I was to be the next goat†?. p. 99 Chapter 38 1. Discuss Pi’s account of the night the ship sank. 2. What does the ship’s crew do to Pi and why? Chapter 39, 40 41 1. Discuss pi’s responses to his predicament and to his companions on the lifeboat Chapter 42 1. What is the narrative purpose for the inclusion of the demise of Orange Juice? Chapter 43, 44 45 1. Why is the Hyena the worst threat to Pi? 2. Why is Pi afraid? 3. Why does Pi think he will be rescued? Chapter 46 1. Why is the animals’ suffering described so graphically and at times dispassionately? Chapter 47 1. What has Pi discovered by the end of this chapter?. Chapter 48 1. Discuss the significance of Richard Parker’s name. Chapter 49, 50 51 1. What is Pi’s response when he discovers Richard Parker? Chapter52 1. Discuss the significance of the list. Chapter 53, 54 55 1. How does Pi plan to ensure his survival? 2. What is the nature of his plans to get rid of Richard parker? 3. What is meant by †if you wage a war of attrition, you will lose it! †p. 161 Chapter 56, 57, 58, 59 60 1. Discuss the significance of Pi’s statement, â€Å"Only fear can defeat life. † P. 161 2. What is â€Å"Prusten†? p. 163 . Discuss Pi’s new plan and why he is grateful for Richard parker. 4. Discuss Pi’s spiritual revelation. p. 177 Chapter 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 1. What does pi discover about fishing? 2. How long has Pi been at sea at this stage and what his his one key to survival? p. 192 3. What does Pi discover about solar sills? 4. What happens to P i’s skin and his clothes? Chapter66 67 1. Discuss Pi’s transformation from being a vegetarian to eating for survival. Chapter 68 1. In what ways are Pi and Richard Parker like animals in a zoo? Chapter 69 1. How are Pi’s memories of the past generated? Chapter70 1. What is the significance of the description of killing the turtle? Chapter 71, 72, 73 74, 75, 76 77 1. How does Pi train Richard Parker? 2. What does Pi wish he had? 3. How has hunger changed Pi? Chapter 78 1. What does Pi mean by the â€Å"worst pair of opposites† and why? p. 217 Chapter 79 1. Why does this chapter focus on pi’s distress about catching sharks? Chapter 80 81 What does Pi mean by â€Å"I had won†? p. 222 Chapter 82. 1. What does Pi state is the worst form of suffering that he has endured at sea? Chapter 83 1. . What does Pi lose in his chapter? 2. What fortunately is not damaged? Chapter 84. Discuss the significance of Pi’s descriptions of eating the bird Chapter 85. 1. According to Pi, when one is faced with continual terror they are replaced with numbness and completely give up. Chapter 86. 1. How does Pi feel about Richard Parker at the end of this chapter? Chapter 87. 1. What does Pi mean by â€Å"One of my favourite methods of escape was what amounts to gentle asphyxiation†? p. 236 Chapter 88 1. How does Pi attempt to communicate in this part of his journey? Chapter 89 1. . Why does Pi touch Richard Parker for the first time? Chapter 90 1. To what extent is Pi’s suffering mental and physical? . Who is the â€Å"voice†? 3. Discuss the significance of the last sentence, â€Å" something in me died then that has never come back. † P. 253 Chapter 91 1. Why could Pi never find the true identity of the visitor? 2. Discuss the significance of Pi’s confession. p. 256 Chapter 92 1. Discuss the island and its effects on Pi and Richard Parker. 2. Why does Pi decide to leave the island? 3. Why is this chapter so much longer than the others? Chapter 93 1. Why does Pi maintain his faith? Chapter 94 1. What is the significance of, â€Å"I wept like a child†? p. 285 Part 3: Benito Juarez Infirmary , Tomaltan, Mexico Chapter 95 1. Discus the significance of this chapter in italics. Chapters 96, 97 98 1. Discuss Pi’s story as presented in this section. Chapter 99. Note that this is one of the longer chapters 1. Why don’t the Japanese officials believe Pi’ story? 2. What does pi mean by, â€Å"I know what you want. You want a story that won’t surprise you. That will confirm what you already know. That won’t make you see higher or further or differently. †? 3. What is Pi’s response to the version that the Japanese choose to believe? Chapter 100 1. Discuss the significance of Mr Okamoto’s letter.

Company Profile Kia Lim Berhad Essays

Company Profile Kia Lim Berhad Essays Company Profile Kia Lim Berhad Essay Company Profile Kia Lim Berhad Essay Kia Lim Berhad was set up as the holding company of Syarikat Kia Lim Kilang Batu Bata Sdn Bhd (SKL) and Kangkar Raya Batu Bata Sdn Bhd (KRBB) bricks manufacturers, which had been operating since 1973. SKL has set up a fully automated plant employing German technology. It was incorporated in Malaysia on 8 May 1995 as public limited company and listed in the KLSE Main Board (Industrial Products) on 29 May 1996. Commercial production commenced in mid 1999. KRBB installed a second plant in late 1991, which is fully automated and capable of producing common, block and facing bricks. The Group has diversified its range of products to include clay-roofing tiles, facing bricks and pavers. The Groups products are exported to regional markets like Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Qatar. Kian Joo Can Factory Berhad Kian Joo Can Factory Berhad is manufacturer and distributor of tin cans and 2-piece aluminium beverage cans. They also produced polyethelene terephalate products, corrugated fibreboard cartons, provision of engineering services, letting of property, provision of share registration and provided management services. Kim Hin Industry Berhad The Company (KHI), which is Kuching-based, started operations in 1975 as a small-scale manufacturer of clay bricks. In 1979 it ceased this activity and ventured into the manufacture of mosaic tiles. It changes its name from Kim Hin Industry Sdn Bhd to present form on conversion. From a single production line, the Company now has three factories with 24 production lines. Today, KHI is one of Malaysias largest integrated ceramics manufacturers. The Group is a fully integrated manufacturer of wall, floor and homogeneous tiles, with installed production capacity of 19m sq m p.a. The Group has invested approximately RM266m in state-of-the-art Italian tile manufacturing plant and equipment. Kris Components Berhad Kris Components Bhd was incorporated on 9 September 1975 in Malaysia as a private limited company but converted to a public company on 2 November in year 1995. Its principal activities are manufacturing and stamping of precision metal parts and anodizing high-end cosmetic surface-finishing metal parts. YTL Cement Berhad YTL Cement Berhad listed on KLSE Second Board on September 6, 1993 and transferred to Main Board (Industrial Products) on June 26, 1997. It is incorporated on 29 January 1977 in Malaysia as a private limited company and converted into a public limited company on 4 May 1992. It change its name from Buildcon Sdn Bhd to Buildcon Bhd on conversion and to YTL Cement Bhd on 26, February in year 1997. The Company manufactures and supplies ready-mixed concrete to the construction industry. The Groups operations are located in Westport, Selangor, Bukit Sagu, Pahang and Pasir Gudang, Johor. Body of Contents Company Analysis Kia Lim Berhad Refer to Table 1, common-size analysis of capital structure shows that the liabilities constitute 76% and equity 24% of the companys financing in 2001 compare with 30% of total liabilities and 70% equity in the companys financing in 1996. Debt ratio and total to debt equity ratio increases sharply in 2001 compare to the previous years. In 2001, the company financed its assets approximately 72% of its debt. It was supported when the trend index of long-term liabilities (391.926%) exceeds its current liabilities (308.003%) and shareholders equity (55.331%) ( refer to Table 2). From Table 2, we can see that cash and bank balances decreases sharply from 99.356% to 2.813%. Yet the companys the companys cash flow adequacy ratio is 0.745, which is less than 1. This implies that the internal cash sources in the company were insufficient to maintain its dividend and current operating growth levels. There is a need for the company to seek for external financing in order to fulfill the requirement of the company. Table 3 shows the financial ratios of Kia Lim Berhad, which indicates that the company is facing liquidity needs. The current ratio of the company dropped over the past 5 years and the inventory turnover decreases. Kia Lim Berhads return on invested capital showed unfavorable level, where every unit of invested capital generates less profits to the company from 1998 onwards. The return on common equity also decreases over the past 5 years. The growth rate is decreasing, which the SEGR drop from 0.062% in Year 1997 to 0.185% in Year 2001. This can be seen from Table 1, which total equity capital is 28% in 2001 compare to 70% in 1996. This indicates that when the indebtedness of the company reaches a risky point, the more financial leverage the company has. The company sales show an average declining trend, which it decreases sharply in Year 2000 (-32.084%) and rebound to 100.529% in Year 2001. The forecasted sales for the next year are RM 32062120.43, which the sales are dropping and the companys net profit is forecasted to decline in Year 2003. The dollar of amount earned on behalf of each share decreases from RM 0.08 (1998) to RM 0.04 (1999) and further decreases to nil. This means there is no earning generate for each share of the company. Similar behavior was found in dividends yield, in which it decreases from 3.14 in year 1997 to 1.58 in year 1999. Kian Joo Can Factory Berhad From Table 4, we can conclude that the highest proportion of total liabilities and equity to total equity capital, are recorded in year 1999. As an overall, the average of total liabilities and total equity constitutes 41.6% and 78.37% each year of Kian Joos financing. Besides that, Table 5 reveals the trend of selected accounts, which year 1996 as the base year. The highest record of net income is in year 1997, which is 80.839%. However, the performance of Kian Joo Can Factory in year 1999 is worsening due to the net income earned are decrease for two consecutive years. A tremendous drop in net income in year 2000, which is almost 44.8% less than previous year reflect the company is overcapacity and may attract the new competitors enter into this industry. In year 1998, we can see that the trends of almost all the account selected are downturn because financial crisis occur in that year. Over these five years, the average of sales is 22.18%. Since the inventory growth is more than sales growth over the 5 years period, the company has more funds to invest in inventory. By reviewing Table 6, we find out the return on invested capital is in increasing trend except for year 1997 and 1998. The highest ratio is in year 1997. A large portion variability of the return on common equity of this company is due to changes in return on assets. Notice that the sustainable equity growth ratio, which relative to the prior year is shrink over the four years period except for year 2001. However, the average of this measurement over the five years period is 0.36%. For the debt ratio, there is a sudden drop between year 1998 and 1999 due to 23.6% increase in long term debts. The total debt to equity ratio record the highest amount in year 1998 due to the economic crisis and the company increase their credit line. In year 2000, there is a sudden drop from RM2 dividends yield to RM1.52. After year 1999, earnings per share are decrease for two consecutive years. This is because reducing in net profit over the years. There is an improvement in PE ratio except the year 20 01. Since economic recession in year 1998, the company must sell their stock in higher price, that is RM28.3 in order to get RM1 earnings. The forecasted sales of this company for year 2003 are RM473, 509,169, which is 1.17% less compare with previous year. However, net income is expected increase 5.97%, which is from RM28, 220,000 raise to RM29, 904,528. In summary, the company will performed better in year 2003 since the forecasted net income is higher. Kim Hin Industry Berhad Table 7 shows a common size analysis of capital structure for Kim Hin Industry Berhad. For year 1996, liabilities constitute 16.702% and this percentage decreases to 0.099% in year 2000, which indicates that the obligations of Kim Hin Industry are reducing. However, in year 2001, this amount increases 0.015% to 0.114%. From the table, it shows the shareholders equity of Kim Hin industry Berhad is stable over years. The reserve of this company reaches its peak in year 1998. This may be due to the economic crisis that makes the company to increase their reserve in the bank to face the contingency in the future. From Table 8, we can see that cash and bank balances increase the most in year 2001 (2492.699%) if compared with the other short-term assets. This indicates that Kim Hin Industry Berhads liquidity needs is improving over the year. Although long term asset and long term liability show a downturn from year to year, they are still remained above the level of total long term assets based on year 1996. From here we can see that sales growth are faster than the inventory growth. This is a good sign for Kim Hin Industry Berhad. This may be due to the better inventory system in this company. Net income shows a rising trend over these six consecutive years except in year 1998, the net income decreased 33.954% if compared with year 1996. Besides, account receivables are growing faster than the sales (118.975% versus 110.042%), this is suggestive for a more aggressive credit policy. After doing the time series forecasting of the value of sales and net income in year 2003, we predict that both categories will be in a decreasing trend, which reach an amount of RM 15,561,322.19 for net income and RM 150,277,952 of sales. From Table 9, the value of cash flow adequacy ratio (CFAR), which is 1.01606, indicates that this company is able to cover these cash without a need for external financing. The debt ratio of this company over five years is decreasing from year to year. This implies that the portion of assets that are being financed by the creditors are keep on dropping. Furthermore, the debt to equity is decreasing from year 1997 (0.352044 times) to 2001 (0.161399 times). The highest ROCE over these five business-operating years is in year 1997 which yield an amount of 27.8%. The growth rate is decreasing, which shows by the SEGR, from 25.03% in year 1997 to -5.827% in year 1998. After year 1998, the growth rate increase steadily from year 1999 (7.116%) to 2001(11.35%). Although the companys earning per share decreases from 0.18 in year 1997 to 0.05 in year 2001, the dividend yield increases from 0.53 in year 1997 to 0.98 in year 2001. In year 1998, dividend yield comes to it highest point of 3.23 which designates that the selling price of each share, the company will get RM 3.23 dividend in return. The PE ratios of Kim Hin Industry Berhad fluctuate over time. The highest PE ratio among these five years is in year 2000, which yields that the company should sell its share for RM 27.90 in order to earn RM 1.00. Kris Components Berhad Table 10 shows a common-size analysis of capital structure for Kris Components Berhad. For year 2001, liabilities constitute 52.1% and equity 47.9% of Kriss financing, while long term liabilities equal l2.41%. Total liabilities is increase from 22.44% in year 1997 to 52.1% in year 2001, whereas total equity capital has decreased from 77.56% to 47.9%. This shows that there is a greater likelihood of insolvency in company since the higher the proportion of debt, the larger the interest charges and debt repayment. Table 11 shows the trend index of selected accounts of Kris Components Berhad. The cash and cash balances was decrease dramatically from 864% in year 2000 to 530.3% in year 2001, whereas inventory is increase substantially from 639.3% to 1049.8%. This shows that the company has more funds invested in inventory in year 2001. However, the inventory growth is less than sales growth from year 1998 to year 2001. Net income is in an increasing trend except from year 1999 to 2000. Therefore, we have forecasted the sales and net income using regression model for year 2003. As the result, estimated sales in 2003 is RM 484,523,776.2 while the estimated net income is RM46,118,828.51. Refer to Table 12, the total debt to equity ratio shows an increasing trend during the 5 years period. This indicates the proportion of the companys capital that derived from debt is larger compared to other sources of capital. The total debt to equity ratio in year 2001 (108.475%) shows that the likelihood of insolvency in the company is greater especially during periods of earnings decline. The debt ratio of the company also increases over the 5 years period. It shows the portion of assets that is financed by creditors is increase from year to year. The return on invested capital ratio is fluctuated over the 5 years period. It shows 12.43% in 1999 indicates the company is able to attract financing compare with previous year. Kriss higher return on common shareholders equity as compared to its return on invested capital reflects the favourable effects of financial leverage. That is, Kris is successfully trading on the equity. Kriss cash flow adequacy ratio for the five-year period is 0.364, implying that funds generated from operations are insufficient to maintain dividends and current operating growth levels and there is a need for external financing. Kris sustainable equity growth rate in year 2001 is 12.14% compare with 10.01% in year 2000, markedly improve relative to prior years. This indicates better future growth in sales and earning. The year 2001 net income of RM19.771 million and dividend of RM 3.711 million leave sufficient funds for reinvestment and internally financed growth. While earnings per share increase from RM0.20 in year 1998 to RM0.42 in year 2001, the PE ratio was fluctuate during that period. Dividend yield was decline. Declining in dividend yield is attributable mainly to increase in PE ratio. YTL Cement Berhad Refer to Table 13, the company total liabilities decreased since 1999 with 65.1% compare to 36.36% (2002). Besides that, the overall total shareholders equity fluctuates each year with a moderate high percentage (63.64%) in 2002. The total debt to equity ratio is decreased from year 1999 to 2002. There is a sudden decreased of almost 70% from 186.506% in 1999 to 57.139% in 2002. Table 14 indicates that the sales and the net income of the company was in good condition for 4 consecutive years with an increment from 79% (1999) to 188% (2002) and net income increased from 21% (1999) to 438% (2002). In addition, we have forecasted the sales and net income using regression model for year 2003. As the result, estimated sales for year 2003 slightly decrease with the amount of RM 382,055,745.50 compare to 2002 with the amount of RM 422,639,071 while there is a rise in estimated net income for 2003 with RM7,454,009.69 (refer to Appendix). From the short-term liquidity ratio of YTL Cement Berhad, we analyze the companys inventory turnover. From Table 14, we can see that the companys inventory turnover increased over 4 consecutive years from year 1999 to 2002. We can also see that there is a sudden increased of almost 50% in 2000 due to an increased in YTL Cement Berhads sales from 109% in 2000 to 188% in 2002. This shows that there is effectiveness in managing inventory by YTL Cement Bhd. Besides that, CFAR for YTL Cement Berhad for 5 years period is 2.33 (refer to Table15). This ratio indicates that the company is able to cover cash needs without a need for external financing. The return on invested capital (ROIC) is increased from year 2000 to 2002. This is cause by the increment in the net income of the company over the past 3 years. Similar to ROIC, return on common equity (ROCE) of the company also increased. This is cause by the rise of the net income of the company over the past 3 years from 113% (2000) to 438% (2002) (refer to Table14). Sustainable equity growth rate (SEGR) recognizes the internal growth for YTL Cement Bhd depends on both earnings retention and return earned on earnings retained. There is an improvement on SEGR for 5 consecutive years from 1998 to 2002 after a sudden drop from 13.52% in 1997 to 1.58% in 1998 due to the occurrence of financial crisis (refer to Table15). From the view of financial market measures, YTL Cement Berhad EPS increased for 4 consecutive years from 0.03 in 1999 to 0.479 in 2002. This shows that the company earnings had improved over the periods. The company had lower PE ratio during year 2002, 2001, 2000 compare with the previous 3 years. This is good for the company. The company highest DY (5.12) was in 1998 compare to other years (refer to Table 15).