The Little Rock Integration Crisis Essays - , Term Papers

The Little Rock Integration Crisis The Little Rock Integration Crisis Almost a century after the finish of the common war, our country was as yet not joined together. Be that as it may, not, at this point was strain between the north and south compromising the government assistance of our nation, yet rather the isolation of African-Americans. An essential objective in the common war was nullifying subjugation and despite the fact that that was practiced, many accepted that blacks were not really happier. Be that as it may, a feeling that change was vital had cleared over the United States. The integration development was simply starting and the impacts of the Little Rock Integration Crisis was one of the most punctual venturing stones driving towards an assembled country; this occasion helped set new gauges of coordination, while setting a guide to the remainder of the world that old types of isolation would never again be acknowledged. In the mid 1950s, racial isolation was broadly acknowledged the country over. It was accepted this would make a superior learning environment for white understudies. Albeit all school areas across urban communities and states should be equivalent, offices, instructors, and school conditions were far prevalent in white schools than dark schools. This framework was weakly tested until 1951. In Topeka, Kansas, Oliver Brown endeavored to select his third-grade little girl to an all white school. Olivers little girl needed to walk in excess of a mile to her all dark school, while the white school was just seven squares from their home. Despite the fact that denied enlistment, Brown claimed right to the Supreme Court. In the point of reference setting preliminary of Brown versus the Board of Education, Chief Justice Earl Warren proclaimed that the Supreme Court had decided for Oliver Brown no longer would isolation be allowed. Earthy colored versus the Board of Education was the impetus to the Little Rock Integration Crisis. After the choice, the Little Rock educational committee acknowledged the way that it needed to coordinate highly contrasting youngsters in their schools. Hesitantly, the Little Rock educational committee built up a combination plan, in spite of the fact that it took over three years to make. In any case, by 1957 the combination plan was done. The arrangement called for three stages. The essential stage would happen in the 1957-1958 school year. During this school year, the senior secondary schools, grades 10-12, would be coordinated. The accompanying school year the middle schools would be incorporated. After the two past schools were effectively incorporated, the primary schools would be coordinated. As the 1957-1958 school year became close, the board started to get ready for the senior secondary school combination. It was concluded that the Horace Mann school, otherwise called the all dark school, would be kept flawless. A few understudies from the Horace Mann school would be chosen to go to the nearby white secondary school, called Central High. Of the few dark understudies that elected to go to Central High, a choice procedure chose the seventeen understudies they felt would fit the best. These understudies were chosen for the most part on their uncommon evaluations; in any case, the understudies were additionally occupied with numerous extracurricular exercises. As the new school year drew closer, the seventeen understudies dwindled down to nine, the same number of dreaded they would not have the option to deal with the serious weights of the all white school. The pressure developed in Little Rock and the understudies had to confront a lot of difficulty before the school year even started. Various whites went to court to attempt to put a court requested directive on the combination, however they were totally denied. Numerous individuals from the dark network objected to the coordination also, guaranteeing that the understudies didn't have the right to be among the higher class white understudies and that they would be strange. The Little Rock educational committee did as much as possible to confine the blacks too. Realizing they couldn't forestall coordination, the educational committee basically laid a few limitations a major trend dark understudies, restricting them from extracurricular exercises and sports. The educational committee refered to this was on the grounds that they were students from other schools; notwithstanding, the reality of the situation was very apparent this was not genuinely the explanation. In any case, these nine, bold understudies arranged to go to their first day at Central High on September 3, 1957. On September 2, 1957, the prior night

Definition and Discussion of Feminist Rhetoric

Definition and Discussion of Feminist Rhetoric Women's activist talk is the examination and practice of women's activist talks openly and private life. In content, says Karlyn Kohrs Campbell*, women's activist talk drew its premises from an extreme examination of man centric society, which distinguished the man-made world as one based on the abuse of women...In expansion, it consolidates a style of correspondence known as cognizance raising (Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, 1996). See Examples and Observations beneath. Additionally, the accompanying readings give models and related ideas: Seneca Falls ResolutionsLanguage and Gender StudiesSusan B. Anthony and the battle for womens right to voteRogerian Argument Models and Observations The accompanying models and perceptions think about women's activist talk through various focal points, offering more settings for comprehension. Advancement of Feminist Rhetoric During the 1980s, women's activist talk researchers started making three moves: composing ladies into the historical backdrop of talk, composing women's activist issues into hypotheses of talk, and composing women's activist points of view into explanatory analysis. At first, these researchers drew on women's activist grant from other disciplines...Once propelled, be that as it may, women's activist talk researchers started composing grant from the site of talk and sythesis... Amidst this academic action, crossing points of talk and women's activist examinations have been regulated inside talk and structure considers, because of crafted by the Coalition of Women Scholars in the History of Rhetoric and Composition, which was sorted out by Winifred Horner, Jan Swearingen, Nan Johnson, Marjorie Curry Woods, and Kathleen Welch in 1988-1989 and was carried on by researchers, for example, Andrea Lunsford, Jackie Royster, Cheryl Glenn, and Shirley Logan. In 1996, the primary version of the alliances pamphlet, Peitho, was distributed by [Susan] Jarratt. Source: Krista Ratcliffe, The Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries. The Present State of Scholarship in the History of Rhetoric: A Twenty-First Century Guide, ed. by Lynã ©e Lewis Gaillet with Winifred Bryan Horner. College of Missouri Press, 2010 Rehashing the Sophists We see a greater network based social variant of women's activist morals in Susan Jarratts Rereading the Sophists. Jarratt sees sophistic talk as a women's activist talk and one with critical moral ramifications. The critics accepted that law and truth got from nomoi, neighborhood propensities or customs that could change from city to city, district to locale. The savants in the Platonic custom, obviously, tested this kind of relativism, demanding the perfect of Truth (logos, widespread laws that would be acommunal). Source: James E. Watchman, Rhetorical Ethics and Internetworked Writing. Ablex, 1998 Reviving the Rhetorical Canon The women's activist explanatory standard has been guided by two essential techniques. One is women's activist expository recuperation of recently overlooked or obscure ladies rhetors. The other is estimating of womens talking points, or what some have called gendered examination, which include building up an explanatory idea or approach that represents rhetors who are prohibited from conventional talk. Source: K.J. Rawson, Queering Feminist Rhetorical Canonization. Rhetorica in Motion: Feminist Rhetorical Methods Methodologies, ed. by Eileen E. Schell and K.J. Rawson. College of Pittsburgh Press, 2010 [F]eminist talk oftentimes happens away from the stages and statehouses of government. Women's activist grant in explanatory examinations, as Bonnie Dow reminds us, must direct its concentration toward the assortment of settings where women's activist battle happens. Source: Anne Teresa Demo, The Guerrilla Girls Comic Politics of Subversion. Visual Rhetoric: A Reader in Communication and American Culture, ed. by Lester C. Olson, Cara A. Finnegan, and Diane S. Expectation. Wise, 2008 A Feminist Rhetoric of Motives A women's activist talk of thought processes can recoup the voices and methods of reasoning of ladies in old style artifact by reestablishing to ladylike attributes and voices the respect of a custom (see [Marilyn] Skinner) and by allowing them the human nature of organization (see, e.g., [Judith] Hughes). [James L.] Kinneavy needs to recuperate the positive parts of influence under the heading of the crowds volition, through and through freedom, and consent, and is effective in this undertaking by getting for pisteuein [belief] components gathered from checking forward into Christian pistis. The ladylike parts of convincing that have been slandered as temptation can be likewise saved through an assessment of the nearby ties among feeling, love, grip, and influence in the pre-Socratic dictionary. Source: C. Jan Swearingen, Pistis, Expression, and Belief. A Rhetoric of Doing: Essays on Written Discourse in Honor of James L. Kinneavy, ed. by Stephen P. Witte, Neil Nakadate, and Roger D. Cherry. Southern Illinois University Press, 1992

Processing Trauma with Ovid

Processing Trauma with Ovid Sarah Smeltzer is a writer and educator in Minneapolis. Shes usually either reading, writing, or teaching, but she is also fond of rollerskating, cuddling her dog, and researching medieval womens mysticism. Twitter Handle: @SarahSTeach I was studying Ovid my senior year in college. It was an appallingly cold winter, I was about to graduate, and I was in an abusive relationship, the last of which infected everything in my world. Without going into details, it was a traumatic experience that made me a stranger in my own body, without my own words. I was living on a nightmare planet: objects and people that looked familiar could actually be disguised monsters who wanted to hurt me. I didn’t recognize myself or my world anymore, and I clung to anything that might give me the language to describe what was happening to me. To this end, in my hours of studying, I repurposed Ovid’s Metamorphoses to interpret myself. This exercise was an anchor that held me to the earth and quelled my instinct to crawl out of my body and run away screaming. Make no mistake: Ovid is not kind to women. Metamorphoses is narrative poem depicting myths involving physical transformation, and women, in these myths, are denied control of their own bodies. Gods turn them into animals. Men and gods rape and kill them. They are transformed into plants and objects. They are the subject of so much violence, and I recognized myself in them. I want to focus on one myth in particular. The god Apollo is in love with the nymph Daphne. She is frightened of him and runs away while he chases after her. They run for ages, and she is exhausted, and she prays to the gods to rescue her by changing her body so that Apollo is no longer interested in her. The gods acquiesce and turn her into a tree. Apollo approaches the tree and picks her leaves to create a wreath for himself. I saw myself in Daphne’s desperate search for safety and how she tries one tactic after another to throw Apollo off her path. She realizes that only way to escape her terrifying situation is to get rid of her body entirely. I understood her logic immediately: no body, no problems. I already didn’t feel like a person in my abusive relationship; if I could just get rid of everything that made me a human, too, then all of this would go away. But even then, Apollo steals pieces of Daphne with which to adorn himself, and she can do nothing about it, because she is a tree and cannot run anymore. It isn’t fair. Daphne does everything she can think of to protect herself, and it isn’t enough. When I read this myth, I felt sad for Daphne, and angry, which gave me the capability to feel sad and angry for myself. I was in a place where I did not know how or what to feel. Daphne offered me her hand and gave me some options. I like to imagine Daphne’s story after the myth ends. Maybe she rips herself out of the earth and walks with her dirt-crumbling roots to settle, thousands of miles away, in a lush forest filled with other trees. They protect one another and play tricks on travelers who wander in their woods. Maybe she returns to her human form and enchants a river to prevent anyone who wants to claim her without her consent from crossing to her side. Maybe she fills the river with knives, for good measure. Since I can imagine a life for Daphne after her traumatic experience, maybe I can imagine a life for me after mine. This isn’t an essay about how a book inspired me to make more healthy choices or get out of my relationship, though I did both those things eventually. Connecting with literature isn’t always about feeling inspired or hopeful. Sometimes, it’s about recognition. It’s about the power in forging the language necessary to see your life a little more clearly, in all of your pain and fear and anger, and begin imagining a future.

Physics of Firearms Essay - 620 Words

Shooting is a popular activity and it is enjoyed by many people, so much so that it is also done at a competitive level. Although many people may have shot a firearm of some sort, few of those people actually realize how much physics is involved with the shot. So what exactly is Ballistics? Ballistics is the science or study of the motion of projectiles and in the case of most firearms, these projectiles are the bullets. There are two things that affect the flight of a bullet once it has been shot out of the gun. These things are the drag of air on the bullet and the force of gravity acting upon the bullet. The force of gravity acting upon the bullet is always in a constant direction, which is down, at a rate of 9.81m/s^2.†¦show more content†¦Sectional density, in metric units, is calculated by multiplying the bullet weight in grams by 1.422, then dividing this by the caliber, in millimeters, squared. So what affect does sectional density have on the bullets trajectory? Sectional density is the number that states the bullets ability to retain its velocity. In other words, the higher the sectional density value is, the flatter the trajectory of the bullet will be. After the sectional density, next there is the shape of the bullet that affects its trajectory. The number that is related to the shape of the bullets is called the Ballistic Coefficient (BC). So how does the ballistic coefficient affect the bullets trajectory? The BC is the ability for the bullet to go through the air or its air resistance. The higher the BC, the easier it is for the bullet to travel through the air. If one bullet has a ballistic coefficient of .273, and another bullet has a ballistic coefficient of .623, this difference in the two BC values is due to the shape of the bullet. The rounded-tip of the one bullet has a harder time moving through the air than the other sharply-tipped bullet. So what other physics are involved in shooting a firearm? Energy! When a bullet is fired, it has a huge amount of kinetic energy. This can be calculated using the formula F=MA. That is, the force, F, is calculated with M, which is the mass of the bullet, times its acceleration, A. For every actionShow MoreRelatedThe Physics of Firearms1626 Words   |  7 PagesFirearms are often featured on the news due to poor use as well as featured in popular culture’s television crime dramas, but have you stopped to ponder about where these devices came from, the different types, the trajectory patterns that are created their bullets and how they work? The following paragraphs are designed to address all of the following questions. A firearm is a complex arrangement of various metals that can eject a small lead piece at high speeds, causing maximum destruction onRead More Physics of Firearms Essay1363 Words   |  6 PagesA firearm, in the most basic form, consists of a barrel, an action, a firing mechanism, a stock and a sighting device. No matter the form of the firearm, the same basic principles of physics and chemistry apply. The study of these principles is called ballistics. There are three types of ballistics, internal, external, and terminal. Internal ballistics is the study of the flight of a projectile inside a firearm. External ballistics is the study of the flight of a bullet after leaving the muzzle andRead MoreThe Field Of The Military Field1313 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat deal of discipline in order to be successful. One has to endure arguably the hardest schooling out of any major, which includes juggling years of higher level of mathematics and its applications with several rigorous scientific classes such as physics, thermodynamics, and chemistry. One has to discipline oneself especially with time management and sharpness to be able to meet the demand placed on them to graduate. Simply said, one cannot slack even slightly in the engineering field otherwise heRead MoreCryogenics Essay835 Words   |  4 PagesIn Physics, Cryogenics is the study of the Production of Very Low Temperature (Below −150  °C, −238  °F or 123 K) and the Behavior of Materials at those Temperatures. A person who studies Elements under Extremely Cold Temperature is called a Cryogenicist. Rather than the Relative Temperature Scales of Celsius and Fahrenheit, Cryogenicists use the Absolute Temperature Scales. These are Kelvin (SI units) or Rankine scale (Imperial US units). Cryogenics: The Branches of Physics and Engineering thatRead MoreThe On The Sandy Hook Shooting1464 Words   |  6 PagesOn December 14th, 2012, Adam Lanza entered Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connect icut and shot and killed 20 children and 6 adult staff members. I remember sitting in my physics class when my phone buzzed and I received an alert from CNN about the tragic event. Newtown only being about 30 minutes away from where I live, affected my city greatly. The rest of the school year every elementary school in my district had a police officer stationed in front of it and my high school’s securityRead MoreForensic Science : A Forensic Scientist1546 Words   |  7 Pagesforensic scientist means that there is a high level of standard, considering that it will require a person to work with evidence and dead bodies. As for an academic point of view it would a necessity to have background knowledge in biology, chemistry or physics. The skills required of a forensic scientist are separated into three main components CSI (Crime Scene Investigation) skills, Laboratory skills and Communication skills. [10] Working on the field requires a methodical approach, strict protoc ol thatRead MoreThe Toulmin Model Of Argument 11533 Words   |  7 Pagesrelating to laws and policies that restrict the sale and use of firearms.) Claim of Definition: Laws governing the sale of firearms such as assault weapons and handguns do not constitute an infringement on our right to bear arms. (This speech/essay will focus on the Bill of Rights and its clause about the right to bear arms. It will argue for a particular definition that excludes the writing of laws that relate to ownership of firearms.) Claim of Cause: Tougher laws governing the sale of handgunsRead MoreThe Use Of Primitive Tasers On The United States Of America1279 Words   |  6 Pagesthan a stoppable force. The inventor of the first primitive TASER was Jack Cover. Jack was born on April sixth 1920 in New York. He later moved to Chicago with his family. He attended the University of Chicago where he earned a degree in nuclear physics. He became an Air Force test pilot in world war two and afterwards he worked at NASA as an aerospace engineer and worked on the Apollo missions. He died of pneumonia at the age of 88 on February 7th 2009. Also 1960s, the United States of America facedRead MoreThe Renaissance Essay758 Words   |  4 Pagesincluded the solution of cubic equations and the innovative astronomy of Nicolaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, and Johannes Kepler. By the end of the 16th century, Galileo had taken the crucial step of applying mathematical models to the subject matter of physics. Geography was transformed by new empirical knowledge derived from explorations beyond Europe and from the first translations of the ancient works of Ptolemy and Strabo. In the field of technology, the invention of printing in the 15th century beganRead MoreForensic Ballistics3483 Words   |  14 PagesEnglishman convicted of murder based on the torn edge of a wad of newspaper in a pistol that matched a piece remaining in his pocket. Throughout the nineteenth century, many developments took place. Ballistics is the study of the functioning of firearms, the flight of the bullet and the effects of different types of ammunition. Ballistics in crime investigation was first formally established in 1923 when Charles Waite and Philip Garavell set up the Bureau of Forensic Ballistics (BFB). Later, Colonel

The Impact Of Sexual Child Abuse On America - 1517 Words

The Impact of Sexual Child Abuse in America Child abuse has been going on for many years. There are many forms of child abuse, however, there is one that is far worse than the rest; sexual abuse. Children has a natural instinct to trust too easily and believe what people tell them, especially if they know those people. Statistics show very high figures of sexual child abuse in America. When children undergo sexual abuse, it impacts their whole being. There are physical, emotional, and psychologic effects that could impact a child not only short term but long term as well. When a child is victimized sexually, they are not aware of the victimization. These types of victimizations could last years before it is forced to stop. One of the sources describes a story where a women shares her experience of sexual child abuse. The story will explain what she went through emotionally after the incident. Even though it was a one-time victimization, it still had a long term effect. Educating chi ldren and adults about how to recognize the signs of sexual abuse could be a step closer towards helping innocent children who are being sexually victimized all around the United States. Summary of Literatures Definition of Sexual Child Abuse To begin, the common definition of sexual child abuse is referred to, in the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, as a type of maltreatment that refers to the involvement of the child in sexual activity to provideShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse1192 Words   |  5 Pages Doug mikel Child Abuse Sociology 111 Tues./Thurs. 8a-9:15a Tina Harrell 9/21/2014 Imagine living a life you fear, one you have to keep a secret. Always pretending to be happy and carefree when deep down thinking, Please don t let this day be the last. Living in a house where painful marks and scars are hidden by long sleeves, and jeans. Looking over your shoulder wondering when the next assault is going to be. â€Å"Almost five children die every day as a result of child abuse.  Ã‚  More than threeRead MoreChild Molestation And Its Effect On Children1638 Words   |  7 Pagesaware of the nature of the crime or offense. One of the most traumatizing experiences that a child can ever encounter in their adolescent life is sexual abuse. Child molestation has been inflicted on many children throughout history and most will agree that it is a harmful and despicable act, however do we know why it occurs? Do we know what causes child sexual abuse and does it have the same effect on every child? Are some children even aware of the fact that they are being victimized? Th ere are manyRead MoreThe Trauma of Childhood Sexual Abuse Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesAn estimated 39 million survivors of childhood sexual abuse exist in America today (Darness2Light, 2009a ). This figure continues to grow daily as perpetrators of this crime continue in this destructive path. The definition of child sexual abuse is the force, coercion, or cajoling of children into sexual activities by a dominant adult or adolescent. Sexual abuse of children includes touching (physical) sexually including: fondling; penetration (vaginal or anal using fingers, foreign objects orRead MoreChild Abuse979 Words   |  4 PagesChild Abuse 2 Just about all children have many different experiences that will have a major impact on their lives before they reach full maturity. A child can face a lot of dangerous things from the environment surroundings them which might seriously affect their whole life. The definition of Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: Child abuse is any action from adult to a child that can be harmful to the child’s body or mental (Children Welfare Information Gateway 2007). In theRead MoreThere Are Many Different Forms Of Child Sexual Abuse. Sexual1436 Words   |  6 Pagesare many different forms of child sexual abuse. Sexual abuse can be perpetrated by a relative or a stranger. But the most common of sexual abuse is committed by a beloved relative. Ratican (1992) defines childhood sexual abuse is a sexual act performed over and over between an adult and child (1992). The effects of childhood sexual abuse can last into adulthood and effect the way that a person thinks or t heir outlook of life. The effect of this act has a negative impact on the psychological patternRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1317 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse has long been an ongoing social problem; this abuse has been one of the repeatedly difficult accusations to prove in our criminal justice system. Child abuse causes many years of suffering for victims. Children abused suffer from chemical imbalances, behavioral issues and are at high risk for becoming abusers or being abused in adult relationships. This cycle of learned behavior and suffering will be a hopeless reoccurring problem unless the criminal justice system and protocols for abusersRead MoreEssay on The Gravity of Domestic Violence in America1423 Words   |  6 PagesFor generations, the gravity of domestic violence in America has been disregarded and glossed over; perhaps it is because 60 percent of all domestic violence takes place at home. Domestic violence is defined as, the situation in which an intimate partner or someone you live with attacks you and tries to hurt you, often including physical assault, sexual assault, and bullying. â€Å"Every year, more than 3 million children witness domestic violence in their homes.† (safehorizon.org) Domestic violence atRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse: The Epidemic That Must Cease 1443 Words   |  6 Pages Child abuse is epidemic in many countries as well as the United States. It is estimated that every thirteen seconds a child is abused in some manner: physically, sexually, emotionally or by neglect (Friedman). Each year, there are over 3 million reports of child abuse in the United States involving more than 6 million children. Child abuse can be reduced with proper education of the parents and with greater public awareness. Child abuse is the physical, sexual, emotional mistreatment, or neglectRead MoreEffects of Domestic Violence on Children1124 Words   |  5 Pagesprevalent social issue in America today. First, who is affected by domestic violence. Second, the impact of domestic violence on children. Third, the social harm of domestic violence is illustrated. This paper argues that domestic violence has tremendous effects on children. What makes domestic violence a social problem rather then a personal problem? Domestic violence 20 years ago was framed as a women’s issue. Domestic violence is a pattern of behaviors including physical, sexual, and psychologicalRead MoreThe Long Term Psychological Effects Associated with Sexual Assault959 Words   |  4 PagesThe long term psychological effects associated with sexual assault includes, depression, substance use, anxiety, PTSD, and decreased self esteem (Foa Riggs, 1993; Resick, 1993). The authors of this article supports current literature which proposes that African American children receives inadequate or inappropriate sexuality socialization and sexual abuse prevention in their cultures and families which may affect their disclosure of sexual assault in adulthood (Washington, 2001;Wyatt, 1992). Comaz-Diaz

Statement Of The Problem Free Essays

The analyses presented here are based on data representing a diverse group of mainly 18- and 19-year-old college students. The study was conducted in February and March of 2007 at the University of Illinois, Chicago, which is a U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Statement Of The Problem or any similar topic only for you Order Now urban public research university. 1U. S. News and World Report (2006) ranked this campus among the top 10 national universities as regards campus ethnic diversity, suggesting that this school offers an ideal location for studies of how different kinds of people use online sites and services. The project had the support of the First-Year Writing Program at the university, ensuring that a representative sample of the school’s undergraduate student body would participate. The writing course offered through this program is the only course on campus that is required of all students; thus, enrollment in it does not pose any selection bias. Out of the 87 sections offered as part of this course, 85 took part in the study, constituting a 98% participation rate on the part of course sections. Overall, there was a final response rate of 82% based on all of the students enrolled in the course. In order to control for time in the program, this article focuses on students in the first-year class. The survey was administered on paper instead of online. Relying on an online questionnaire when studying Internet uses could create a bias toward people who spend more time online, given that they may be more inclined to fill out the questionnaire and also, perhaps, more inclined toward higher rates of participation on the sites of research interest. The average survey completion time was approximately 30 minutes. The survey included detailed questions about respondents’ Internet uses (e. g. , experience, types of sites visited, and online activities) and their demographic background. Basic demographic information was measured using standard modes of operationalization. Students were asked their year of birth, and this information was used to calculate their age, which is included in the models as a continuous variable. Male is the base gender category (male = 0, female = 1). Information about race and ethnicity was collected using the U. S. Census Bureau (2000) questionnaire format, and dummy variables are used in the statistical model, with White as the omitted category. Consistent with work by others, parental education was used as a measure of socioeconomic status (e. g. , Carlson, Uppal, Prosser, 2000; Lamborn, Mounts, Steinberg, Dornbusch, 1991; Stice, Cameron, Hayward, Taylor, Killen, 1999). Since asking about household income has limited utility with such an age group (both because students do not know their parents’ income and because those who live in dorms may not know how to interpret â€Å"household†), and since educational level is constant in this group (every respondent is in the first year of college), parental schooling is a helpful measure. This information is included in the model as dummy variables, with some college education (but no college degree) as the base. Both the question about living at home with parents and the question about having access to the Internet at a friend’s or family member’s house is included as a dummy variable, where 1 signals yes to that question, and 0 stands for no. Finally, figures for both hours spent online per week and number of years a respondent has been an Internet user are logged in the analyses, given that an additional hour or year, respectively, likely has diminishing returns as the values increase. The analyses first consider only the core background characteristics of the user (age, gender, race and ethnicity, parental education). Then, a second model includes information about context and experience with use supplementing the core demographic variables. The 1,060 first-year students included in these analyses represent a diverse group of people. 2 Fifty-six percent of the respondents are female, 44% are male. Almost all are 18 or 19 years old, with a mean age of 18. 4 and a median of 18. Fewer than half are White and non-Hispanic. Slightly less than 8% claim African or African-American descent, almost 30% are of Asian or Asian American ancestry, and just under one-fifth are of Hispanic origin. These students come from varied family backgrounds. Over a quarter of respondents have parents whose highest level of education is high school, with an additional 20% whose parents do not have a college degree. While it may seem that sampling from a college population assumes a highly educated group, 25% of first-years at this university drop out of college by their second year (Ardinger et al. , 2004) and fewer than half (43. 6%) will graduate within six years of enrollment (University of Illinois-Chicago, 2004). Unlike many U. S.  colleges, over half of the students at this university commute from home and live with their parents (53. 1%). Baseline access and use statistics (Table 1) for the sample suggest that the Internet is not a novel concept in most of these students’ lives. On average, participants have access to the Internet at over six locations and have been users for over six years. When asked how often they go online, the vast majority report doing so several times a day. They estimate spending 15. 5 hours visiting Web sites weekly (excluding email, chat, and VoIP). While there is certainly some amount of variation in access and use, there are no basic barriers standing in the way of these young adults accessing the Internet. Limits may be put on their uses due to other factors (e. g. , the need to share resources at home, limited hours of access due to employment), but they all have basic access. This suggests that traditional concerns about the so-called digital divide do not apply to these students as regards basic availability of the Internet. Thus looking at such a wired group of users allows us to hold basic access to digital media constant and focus on differences in details of use instead. How to cite Statement Of The Problem, Papers

Coles and Woolworth’s price war coming to an end free essay sample

The Australian supermarket price war started in around 2011 as a major supermarket Coles started making their prices low so people would buy their products. The other supermarkets such as Woolworths started firing back and the prices kept getting increasingly cheaper which started the 7 yearlong price war. There were other companies who were involved in the price war but Coles and Woolworths were the main two competitors. The supermarkets started making promotions mottos and campaigns such as â€Å"down down† (coles) and â€Å"cheap cheap† (Woolworths) Coles and Woolworths are very similar brands they offer similar brands, weekly specials, and online services so they had to compete to be different by making their prices the lowest out of the two. The price drops are getting ridiculously low but is it really working for the companies. It is good for the customers because their food keeps getting cheaper and more affordable. The supermarkets are losing profit because of this price war their prices are getting cheaper but their rent is not. We will write a custom essay sample on Coles and Woolworth’s price war coming to an end? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The great Australian supermarket price war may be coming to an end as companies are deciding to focus on things other than price. The price war has been going on for seven years and is losing money for the companies. As a customer, the price war is great because all your favorite groceries just keep getting more affordable. Coles is hoping to increase profit by stepping out of the price war because they still have to pay the same amount for their rent and other necessities regardless of how cheap their grocery prices are. Coles has said they are becoming independent. Rather than price Coles has decided to focus on service quality, social programs and connecting with the community. Both companies have started campaigns including athletes and the connection between their success and the companies’ foods. Woolworths has started the campaign for â€Å"Australia’s fresh food people† and Coles’ sports for schools campaign is an example of these. The moving away from price competition is hoping to increase profit and customer loyalty.The price war between major Australian supermarket companies such as Coles and Woolworths may be coming to an end because of the companies deciding to move away from price campaigning. Although the price war may be coming to an end their competitiveness and war for customers will not.Bridget Gourlay